Environmental and Resource Economics Review (자원ㆍ환경경제연구)

Korean Resource Economics Association (한국자원경제학회)
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Dynamic Analysis on Electricity Demands for the Steel Industry in Korea: Comparison between SMEs and Large Firms

우리나라 철강산업의 전력수요에 대한 동태 분석: 중소기업과 대기업 간 비교

  • Li, Dmitriy (Department of Economics, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Bae, Jeong Hwan (Department of Economics, Chonnam National University)
  • Received : 2020.09.01
  • Accepted : 2020.12.09
  • Published : 2020.12.31
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Abstract

Input ratio of electricity to other production inputs in the Korean manufacturing sector has been higher than for the other OECD countries. In addition, electricity prices in Korea has been relatively lower than the average of OECD countries. Moreover, electricity sector is responsible for most CO2 emissions in Korea as coal and natural gas account 41.9% and 26.8% of electricity production as of 2018. Therefore, it looks inevitable to raise the electricity tariff for the manufacturing sector in Korea, but there is a concern that increase in the electricity tariff might affect small and medium enterprises (SMEs) more than large firms. This study estimates electricity demand's price and output elasticities for large firms and SMEs in steel industry by employing a time varying parameter model (Kalman filter). The analysis shows that changes in output levels regardless of firms' size affect electricity demands more significantly than do changes in electricity prices. Second, large firms have higher variances for both price and output elasticities of electricity demand. Third, large firms have higher price elasticity but lower output elasticity of electricity demand relative to SMEs. Policy implications are suggested in association with how to reduce electricity demands in the energy-intensive industry.

우리나라 제조업 부문의 상대적 전력투입비율은 OECD 국가들에 비해 높은 편이며 이는 전력가격이 OECD 평균보다 상대적으로 낮은 데에 기인한다. 또한 전력부문은 한국에서 온실가스 배출의 상당한 비중을 점유하고 있는데, 2018년 기준으로 전력생산의 투입연료로 석탄과 천연가스가 41.9%와 26.8%를 차지하기 때문이다. 따라서 우리나라 제조 부문에서 전력가격을 인상할 필요가 있으나 중소기업이 대기업보다 상대적으로 더 많은 영향을 받을 것이라는 우려가 있다. 본 연구는 시간가변적 파라메터 모형인 Kalman Filter 추정법을 이용하여 철강산업에서 대기업과 중소기업 전력수요의 가격 탄력성과 산출 탄력성을 추정하였다. 분석 결과, 기업의 크기에 상관없이 산출량 변화가 가격변화보다 전력수요에 더 많은 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 대기업에서 전력수요에 대한 가격탄력성뿐만 아니라 산출탄력성의 분산이 중소기업보다 더 큰 것으로 추정되었다. 정책적 함의는 철강산업과 같은 에너지다소비 업종에서 어떻게 전력수요를 감축할 것인지에 관련되어 있다.

Keywords

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