DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Masseter nerve-based facial palsy reconstruction

  • Park, Hojin (Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) ;
  • Jeong, Seong Su (Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) ;
  • Oh, Tae Suk (Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine)
  • 투고 : 2020.10.20
  • 심사 : 2020.10.20
  • 발행 : 2020.12.20

초록

Facial paralysis is a devastating disease, the treatment of which is challenging. The use of the masseteric nerve in facial reanimation has become increasingly popular and has been applied to an expanded range of clinical scenarios. However, appropriate selection of the motor nerve and reanimation method is vital for successful facial reanimation. In this literature review on facial reanimation and the masseter nerve, we summarize and compare various reanimation methods using the masseter nerve. The masseter nerve can be used for direct coaptation with the paralyzed facial nerve for temporary motor input during cross-facial nerve graft regeneration and for double innervation with the contralateral facial nerve. The masseter nerve is favorable because of its proximity to the facial nerve, limited donor site morbidity, and rapid functional recovery. Masseter nerve transfer usually leads to improved symmetry and oral commissure excursion due to robust motor input. However, the lack of a spontaneous, effortless smile is a significant concern with the use of the masseter nerve. A thorough understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of the use of the masseter nerve, along with careful patient selection, can expand its use in clinical scenarios and improve the outcomes of facial reanimation surgery.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Nguyen PD, Faschan KS, Mazzaferro DM, Konieczny T, Jackson OA, Bartlett SP. Comparison of lengthening temporalis myoplasty and free-gracilis muscle transfer for facial reanimation in children. J Craniofac Surg 2020;31:85-90. https://doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0000000000005885
  2. Bylund N, Hultcrantz M, Jonsson L, Marsk E. Quality of life in Bell's palsy: correlation with Sunnybrook and House-Brackmann over time. Laryngoscope 2020 May 28 [Epub]. https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.28751.
  3. Garcia RM, Hadlock TA, Klebuc MJ, Simpson RL, Zenn MR, Marcus JR. Contemporary solutions for the treatment of facial nerve paralysis. Plast Reconstr Surg 2015;135:1025e-1046e. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000001273
  4. Spira M. Anastomosis of masseteric nerve to lower division of facial nerve for correction of lower facial paralysis: preliminary report. Plast Reconstr Surg 1978;61:330-4. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006534-197803000-00004
  5. Fournier HD, Denis F, Papon X, Hentati N, Mercier P. An anatomical study of the motor distribution of the mandibular nerve for a masseteric-facial anastomosis to restore facial function. Surg Radiol Anat 1997;19:241-4. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01627866
  6. Brenner E, Schoeller T. Masseteric nerve: a possible donor for facial nerve anastomosis? Clin Anat 1998;11:396-400. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2353(1998)11:6<396::AID-CA5>3.0.CO;2-8
  7. Collar RM, Byrne PJ, Boahene KD. The subzygomatic triangle: rapid, minimally invasive identification of the masseteric nerve for facial reanimation. Plast Reconstr Surg 2013;132:183-8. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0b013e318290f6dc
  8. Coombs CJ, Ek EW, Wu T, Cleland H, Leung MK. Massetericfacial nerve coaptation: an alternative technique for facial nerve reinnervation. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2009;62:1580-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2008.05.046
  9. Frey M, Happak W, Girsch W, Bittner RE, Gruber H. Histomorphometric studies in patients with facial palsy treated by functional muscle transplantation: new aspects for the surgical concept. Ann Plast Surg 1991;26:370-9. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000637-199104000-00013
  10. Klebuc MJ. Facial reanimation using the masseter-to-facial nerve transfer. Plast Reconstr Surg 2011;127:1909-15. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0b013e31820e9138
  11. Cho HR, Kwon SS, Chung S, Choi YJ. Intraparotid facial nerve schwannoma. Arch Craniofac Surg 2014;15:28-31. https://doi.org/10.7181/acfs.2014.15.1.28
  12. Hwang JH, Lee DG, Sim HS, Kim KS, Lee SY. Intramasseteric schwannoma treated with facelift incision and retrograde facial nerve dissection. Arch Craniofac Surg 2019;20:388-91. https://doi.org/10.7181/acfs.2019.00549
  13. Hontanilla B, Marre D. Comparison of hemihypoglossal nerve versus masseteric nerve transpositions in the rehabilitation of short-term facial paralysis using the Facial Clima evaluating system. Plast Reconstr Surg 2012;130:662e-672e. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0b013e318267d5e8
  14. Campero A, Socolovsky M. Facial reanimation by means of the hypoglossal nerve: anatomic comparison of different techniques. Neurosurgery 2007;61(3 Suppl):41-50.
  15. Bae YC, Zuker RM, Manktelow RT, Wade S. A comparison of commissure excursion following gracilis muscle transplantation for facial paralysis using a cross-face nerve graft versus the motor nerve to the masseter nerve. Plast Reconstr Surg 2006; 117:2407-13. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.prs.0000218798.95027.21
  16. Bianchi B, Ferri A, Ferrari S, Copelli C, Magri A, Ferri T, et al. Cross-facial nerve graft and masseteric nerve cooptation for one-stage facial reanimation: principles, indications, and surgical procedure. Head Neck 2014;36:235-40. https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.23300
  17. Faria JC, Scopel GP, Ferreira MC. Facial reanimation with masseteric nerve: babysitter or permanent procedure? Preliminary results. Ann Plast Surg 2010;64:31-4. https://doi.org/10.1097/SAP.0b013e3181999ea9
  18. Biglioli F, Colombo V, Rabbiosi D, Tarabbia F, Giovanditto F, Lozza A, et al. Masseteric-facial nerve neurorrhaphy: results of a case series. J Neurosurg 2017;126:312-8. https://doi.org/10.3171/2015.12.JNS14601
  19. Murphey AW, Clinkscales WB, Oyer SL. Masseteric nerve transfer for facial nerve paralysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Facial Plast Surg 2018;20:104-10. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamafacial.2017.1780
  20. Albathi M, Oyer S, Ishii LE, Byrne P, Ishii M, Boahene KO. Early nerve grafting for facial paralysis after cerebellopontine angle tumor resection with preserved facial nerve continuity. JAMA Facial Plast Surg 2016;18:54-60. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamafacial.2015.1558
  21. Oh TS, Kim HB, Choi JW, Jeong WS. Facial reanimation with masseter nerve-innervated free gracilis muscle transfer in established facial palsy patients. Arch Plast Surg 2019;46:122-8. https://doi.org/10.5999/aps.2018.00717
  22. Chen G, Wang W, Wang W, Ding W, Yang X. Symmetry restoration at rest after masseter-to-facial nerve transfer: is it as efficient as smile reanimation? Plast Reconstr Surg 2017;140:793-801. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000003698
  23. Hontanilla B, Cabello A. Spontaneity of smile after facial paralysis rehabilitation when using a non-facial donor nerve. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2016;44:1305-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcms.2016.06.031
  24. Manktelow RT, Tomat LR, Zuker RM, Chang M. Smile reconstruction in adults with free muscle transfer innervated by the masseter motor nerve: effectiveness and cerebral adaptation. Plast Reconstr Surg 2006;118:885-99. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.prs.0000232195.20293.bd
  25. Frey M, Giovanoli P. The three-stage concept to optimize the results of microsurgical reanimation of the paralyzed face. Clin Plast Surg 2002;29:461-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0094-1298(02)00024-X
  26. Scaramella LF. Anastomosis between the two facial nerves. Laryngoscope 1975;85:1359-66. https://doi.org/10.1288/00005537-197508000-00012
  27. Kalantarian B, Rice DC, Tiangco DA, Terzis JK. Gains and losses of the XII-VII component of the "baby-sitter" procedure: a morphometric analysis. J Reconstr Microsurg 1998;14:459-71. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1000208
  28. Terzis JK, Tzafetta K. The "babysitter" procedure: minihypoglossal to facial nerve transfer and cross-facial nerve grafting. Plast Reconstr Surg 2009;123:865-76. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0b013e31819ba4bb
  29. Mersa B, Tiangco DA, Terzis JK. Efficacy of the "baby-sitter" procedure after prolonged denervation. J Reconstr Microsurg 2000;16:27-35. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2000-7538
  30. Biglioli F, Colombo V, Tarabbia F, Pedrazzoli M, Battista V, Giovanditto F, et al. Double innervation in free-flap surgery for long-standing facial paralysis. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2012;65:1343-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2012.04.030
  31. Bianchi B, Ferri A, Ferrari S, Copelli C, Salvagni L, Sesenna E. The masseteric nerve: a versatile power source in facial animation techniques. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014;52:264-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjoms.2013.12.013
  32. Tate JR, Tollefson TT. Advances in facial reanimation. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2006;14:242-8. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.moo.0000233594.84175.a0
  33. Conley J, Baker DC, Selfe RW. Paralysis of the mandibular branch of the facial nerve. Plast Reconstr Surg 1982;70:569-77. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006534-198211000-00007
  34. Chuang DC, Mardini S, Lin SH, Chen HC. Free proximal gracilis muscle and its skin paddle compound flap transplantation for complex facial paralysis. Plast Reconstr Surg 2004;113: 126-35. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.prs.0000096092.09655.63
  35. Chuang DC, Lu JC, Chang TN, Laurence VG. Comparison of functional results after cross-face nerve graft-, spinal accessory nerve-, and masseter nerve-innervated gracilis for facial paralysis reconstruction: the Chang Gung experience. Ann Plast Surg 2018;81(6S Suppl 1):S21-9. https://doi.org/10.1097/SAP.0000000000001327
  36. Henstrom DK. Masseteric nerve use in facial reanimation. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2014;22:284-90. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOO.0000000000000070
  37. Hontanilla B, Olivas J, Cabello A, Marre D. Cross-face nerve grafting versus masseteric-to-facial nerve transposition for reanimation of incomplete facial paralysis: a comparative study using the FACIAL CLIMA evaluating system. Plast Reconstr Surg 2018;142:179e-191e. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000004612
  38. Rozen S, Harrison B. Involuntary movement during mastication in patients with long-term facial paralysis reanimated with a partial gracilis free neuromuscular flap innervated by the masseteric nerve. Plast Reconstr Surg 2013;132:110e-116e. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0b013e318290f644
  39. Watanabe Y, Akizuki T, Ozawa T, Yoshimura K, Agawa K, Ota T. Dual innervation method using one-stage reconstruction with free latissimus dorsi muscle transfer for re-animation of established facial paralysis: simultaneous reinnervation of the ipsilateral masseter motor nerve and the contralateral facial nerve to improve the quality of smile and emotional facial expressions. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2009;62:1589-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2008.07.025
  40. Kim MJ, Kim HB, Jeong WS, Choi JW, Kim YK, Oh TS. Comparative study of 2 different innervation techniques in facial reanimation: cross-face nerve graft-innervated versus doubleinnervated free gracilis muscle transfer. Ann Plast Surg 2020; 84:188-95. https://doi.org/10.1097/sap.0000000000002034
  41. Roy M, Corkum JP, Shah PS, Borschel GH, Ho ES, Zuker RM, et al. Effectiveness and safety of the use of gracilis muscle for dynamic smile restoration in facial paralysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2019;72: 1254-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2019.05.027