The Journal of the Korean dental association (대한치과의사협회지)

The Korean Dental Association (대한치과의사협회)
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Dental Treatment for Patients with Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulant

비타민 K길항제가 아닌 항응고제를 복용하는 환자들을 위한 치과 치료

  • Sung, Iel-Yong (Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery University of Ulsan Hospital School of Medicine University of Ulsan)
  • 성일용 (울산대학교 의과대학 울산대학교병원 구강악안면외과)
  • Published : 2019.09.30
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Abstract

The vitamin K antagonist (VKA), cumadin, or warfarin, is the only antithrombotic drug that can be orally administered and has excellent effective for decades. However, it is cumbersome to periodically inspect the prothrombin time (PT) order to maintain adequate concentrations that do not cause bleeding, takes a few days to indicate therapeutic effects, gets affected by several factors such as food and drugs etc, and narrow in the therapeutic range. Although recently in development, the non-vitamin K antagonist anticoagulants(NOACs) exhibit a rapid onset of action and have relatively short half- lives compared to Coumadin. Because of these pharmacokinetic properties, it is possible to modify an individual's anticoagulation status quite rapidly, minimizing the period where the anticoagulation activity is therapeutically suboptimal. And the short half -lives of these drug allow for the relatively rapid reduction of their anticoagulation effects. There are currently no published clinical trials specifically assessing the bleeding risks associated with dental procedures for patients taking the NOACs. It is not necessary to interrupt NOAC medication for dental procedures that are likely to cause bleeding, but which have a low risk of bleeding complications. Because the bleeding risk for these procedures is considered to be low, the balance of effects is in favour of continuing the NOAC treatment without modification, to avoid increasing the risk of a thromboembolic event. The patients should be advised to miss(apixaban or dabigatran) or delay(rivaroxaban) a dose of their NOAC prior to dental procedures that are likely to cause bleeding and which have a higher risk of bleeding complications. Because the risk of bleeding complications for these procedures is considered to be higher, the balance effects is in favour of missing or delaying the pretreatment NOAC dose. The interruption is only for a short time to minimize the effect on thromboembolic risk.

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