Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology (한국환경생태학회지)

Korean Society of Environment and Ecology (한국환경생태학회)
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Wetland Habitat Assessement Utilizing TDI(Trophic Diatom Index)

부착돌말영양지수(TDI)를 활용한 습지환경 평가

  • Kim, Seong-Ki (Division of Ecological Assessment, National Institute of Ecology) ;
  • Choi, Jong-Yun (Division of Ecological Assessment, National Institute of Ecology)
  • 김성기 (국립생태원 생태평가연구실) ;
  • 최종윤 (국립생태원 생태평가연구실)
  • Received : 2019.04.18
  • Accepted : 2019.09.04
  • Published : 2019.10.31
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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to analyze the habitat status and species diversity of benthic diatoms and estimate the applicability of TDI (Trophic Diatom Index) to obtain the basic data for the identification and management of created wetlands in the Nakdong River. We observed a total of 38 families and 173 species of benthic diatom during the survey period, and spring and autumn showed a similar number of species of 156 and 154, respectively. The result of the SOM (Self-Organizing Map) analysis showed that the distribution of benthic diatom was sensitive to environmental factors such as nutrient concentration and rainfall in each wetland. The cluster 1 was characterized by the survey sites of autumn mostly and consisted of points of high TDI, although the nutrients such as total phosphorus and total nitrogen were low, and the species number and abundance of diatoms were low. Conversely, cluster 4 was characterized by the survey sites of spring mostly and consisted of points of low TDI, even though total nitrogen was high. Considering that most of the created wetlands had the reduced inflow and outflow, the increased flow rate in the summer lowers nutrient values in autumn, and the species number and abundance of benthic diatom decreases due to the increase of turbidity, which reduces the light penetrations to the substrates. On the contrary, the TDI value is low in spring because the low water level causes insufficient substrate surface to the benthic diatoms, and it is too early for the establishment and development of saprophilous species. Although various studies have used TDI as an indicator for evaluating the habitat environment and water quality, it is not a good evaluation indicator in this study since the nutrient concentration in the wetlands mostly high as they have a low flow rate and are close to the stagnant area. Nevertheless, additional periodic surveys that comprehensively reflect the fact that the summer rainfall and inflow/outflow regulating function might affect the species diversity and distribution of benthic diatoms are necessary.

낙동강에 위치한 신규조성 습지의 현황 파악 및 관리 방안 마련을 위한 기초연구의 일환으로 부착규조류의 서식현황과 종다양성을 분석하고 부착돌말영양지수(TDI, Trophic Diatom Index)의 적용가능성을 평가하였다. 조사 기간 동안, 부착규조류는 총 38과 173종이 출현하였으며, 봄과 가을에 각각 156종, 154종으로 비슷한 종수를 나타냈다. 자기조직화지도(SOM)를 활용한 분석 결과, 부착규조류의 분포는 각 습지의 영양염류의 농도와 강우 등의 환경요인에 따라 영향 받는 것으로 나타났다. 클러스터 1의 경우, 대부분 가을시기이며, 총인과 총질소 등의 영양염류의 농도와 부착규조류의 종수 및 풍부도가 낮음에도 불구하고, 부착돌말영양지수가 높은 지점들로 구성되었다. 이와 반대로, 클러스터 4는 봄시기의 지점들이며, 총질소가 높음에도 불구하고 부착돌말영양지수가 낮은 특징을 보였다. 신규조성 습지 대부분이 유입 유출구 기능이 원활하지 않은 점을 감안하면, 여름철에 증가된 유량은 가을철에 영양염류 값을 감소시키며, 탁도 증가로 인해 빛의 유입이 원활하지 않아 부착규조류의 종수와 풍부도가 낮아진다. 이와 반대로, 봄철에는 낮은 수위로 인해 부착규조류가 부착할 수 있는 기질표면이 부족하며, 호오탁성 종이 정착 및 발달하기에 이른 시기이기 때문에 부착돌말영양지수 값이 낮게 측정된다. 다양한 기존 연구에서, 부착돌말영양지수를 서식환경 및 수질 평가지표로 활용하고 있으나, 본 습지는 흐름이 적고 정체수역에 가깝기 때문에 대부분 영양염류 농도가 높아 부착돌말영양지수의 평가지표 가치성은 낮은 것으로 판단된다. 여름강우나 유입 유출 조절부의 기능이 부착규조류의 종다양성과 분포에 영향을 미치는 점을 종합적으로 감안한 지속적이고 주기적인 추가 조사가 필요하다.

Keywords

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