Journal of Bio-Environment Control (생물환경조절학회지)

The Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control (한국생물환경조절학회)
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Improvement of the Growth and Fruit Quality of Mini Watermelons Grafted onto Rootstocks of the Wild Watermelon Accessions

소형과 수박의 생육과 과실 품질 증진을 위한 야생종 수박 대목 이용

  • Jang, Yoonah (National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA) ;
  • Moon, Ji Hye (National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA) ;
  • An, Sewoong (National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA) ;
  • Kim, Sang Gyu (National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA) ;
  • Huh, Yun Chan (National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA) ;
  • Lee, Hee Ju (National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA) ;
  • Wi, Seung Hwan (National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA) ;
  • Chun, Hee (National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA)
  • 장윤아 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원) ;
  • 문지혜 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원) ;
  • 안세웅 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원) ;
  • 김상규 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원) ;
  • 허윤찬 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원) ;
  • 이희주 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원) ;
  • 위승환 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원) ;
  • 전희 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원)
  • Received : 2019.09.27
  • Accepted : 2019.10.23
  • Published : 2019.10.30
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Abstract

The interest in mini watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) with small fruits weighing 2-3 kg has increased by the increasing trend in one-person households and consequent tendency to consume small meals. Watermelon grafting onto cucurbit rootstocks is a very effective way to control soil-borne diseases, such as Fusarium wilt; however, this practice negatively impacts the fruit quality. This study was conducted to investigate the growth, fruit set, and fruit quality of mini watermelon grafted onto wild watermelon accessions (Citrullus spp.) resistant to Fusarium wilt. Five watermelon accessions (Galactica, IT 208441, PI 482322, PI 500303, and PI 593358) were evaluated as rootstocks for the mini watermelon "Ministar". Non-grafted "Ministar" and "Ministar" grafted onto "Shintozwa" (Cucurbita maxima D. C. moschata D.) or "Bullojangsaeng" (Lagenaria leucantha) were used as controls. The roots of the transplants grafted onto "PI 593358" and "Shintozwa" weighed more than those on other rootstocks. Additionally, the transplants on "PI 593358" showed better growth and fruit set in the field than the other transplants. However, the total soluble solid contents and fruit quality indices of the transplants on "PI 593358" and "Shintozwa" were lower, whereas the total fruit quality index of those on "PI 482322" was higher. Thus, the wild watermelon accessions tested can potentially be used as basic germplasm for developing watermelon rootstocks instead of cucurbit rootstocks. The most promising accession for this purpose was found to be "PI 482322".

최근 식품 소비패턴 변화로 과실 무게 2~3kg 내외의 소형과 수박에 대한 관심과 이용이 증가하는 추세이다. 호박 대목을 이용한 수박 접목재배는 덩굴쪼김병 등 토양 전염성 병 관리에 유용하나, 왕성한 생육으로 과실 품질이 저하하는 문제가 제기되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 덩굴쪼김병 저항성 수박 공대를 이용한 접목재배시 소형과 수박의 생육 및 착과 특성, 과실의 품질을 검토하였다. 덩굴쪼김병에 저항성이 있는 것으로 평가된 야생종 수박 5종(Galactica, IT 208441, PI 482322, PI 500303, PI 593358)을 대목으로 이용하여, 편엽합접으로 접목한 뒤 비닐하우스에서 재배, 수확하여 생육과 과실 품질을 조사하였다. 접수는 소과형 전용 수박품종 '미니스타'를 이용하였으며, 시판 대목 참박 '불로장생'과 호박 '신토좌'을 대조로 비교하였다. 수박 대목 'PI 593358'에 접목한 처리구가 '신토좌' 대목에 접목한 처리구와 함께 우수한 뿌리 발달 등 왕성한 생육을 보이며 빠른 착과가 이루어졌으나, 과실 품질에 있어 'total soluble solids(TSS)' 값과 관능평가 값이 낮았다. 반면 수박 대목 'PI 482322'에 접목한 수박의 관능평가 값은 높은 편이었다. 따라서 소형과 수박 접목재배시 야생종 수박 'PI 482322' 등을 대목으로 이용함으로써 안정적인 생육 및 과실 품질 확보가 가능함을 확인할 수 있었다. 검토된 야생종 수박은 호박 및 박 대목을 대체하는 대목 개발에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Keywords

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