DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A study on the inflammatory response induced by LPS of the Arthrospira platensis ethanol extract

  • Zhang, Shi Jie (Mokwon University, College of Sciences & Technology, Division of Biomedicinal & Cosmetics) ;
  • Yang, Jae-Chan (Mokwon University, College of Sciences & Technology, Division of Biomedicinal & Cosmetics) ;
  • Kim, Bo-Ae (Mokwon University, College of Sciences & Technology, Division of Biomedicinal & Cosmetics)
  • Received : 2019.09.06
  • Accepted : 2019.09.28
  • Published : 2019.09.30

Abstract

Arthrospira platensis has been reported to contain a variety of substances such as phycocyanin, ${\beta}$-carotene, vitamin E and other carotenoids. In this study, zebrafish were treated with indoor cultivation spirulina ethanol extracts(ICAE) to determine toxicity(coagulation rate, hatching rate, heart rate). We used the DCFH-DA staining method to detect the effect of reactive oxygen species(ROS) generation on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced zebrafish embryos ROS various concentrations(0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5mg/ml) of ICAE. Cell toxicity was measured by WST-1 assay on RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. Also, measured the inhibitory effect of nitric oxide(NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) production in RAW264.7 macrophages induced by LPS at various concentrations of ICAE. The results of embryo coagulation rate, hatching rate, heart rate of zebrafish at various(0.01, 0.05, 0.1mg/ml) of ICAE was no toxicity. The ICAE treated group had an inhibitory effect on NO and $PGE_2$ production compared and decreased with concentration. The results of this study ethanol extract of Arthrospira platensis has an anti-inflammatory effect and suggest that is worthy of use cosmetics for skin protection.

Keywords

References

  1. H. Y. Yu, I. J. Yang, V. R. Lincha, I. S. Park, D. U. Lee, H. M. Shin, "The Effects of the Fruits Foeniculum vulgare on Skin Barrier Function and hyaluronic Acid Production in HaCaT Keratinocytes", Journal of Life Science, Vol.25, No.8 pp. 880-888, (2015). https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2015.25.8.880
  2. H. J. Kim, J. U. Shin, K. H. Lee, "Atopic dermatitis and skin barrier dysfunction", Allergy Asthma Respir Dis, Vol.1, No.1 pp. 20-28, (2013). https://doi.org/10.4168/aard.2013.1.1.20
  3. P. Y. Ong, T. Ohtake, C. Brandt, I. Strickland, M. Boguniewicz, T. Ganz, R. Gallo, D. Y. Leung, "Endogenous antimicrobial peptides and skin infections in atopic dermatitis", N. Engl. J. Med, Vol.347, No.15 pp. 1151-1160, (2002). https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa021481
  4. K. Yamasaki, R. L. Gallo, "Antimicrobial peptides in human skin disease", Eur. J. Dermatol, Vol.18, No.1 pp. 11-21, (2008). https://doi.org/10.1684/ejd.2008.0304
  5. J. H. Hwang, K. J. Kim, S. J. Ryu, B. Y. Lee, "Caffeine prevents LPS-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells and zebrafish", Chemico-Biological Interactions, Vol.25, No.248 pp.1-7, (2016).
  6. J. Y. Lee, D. H. Yoo, D. H. Joo, S. R. Kim, H. S. Jo, S. H. Joo, J. W. Chae, "Anti-inflammatory Effects of Amelanchier asiatica Fruits Ethanol Extract", J. Soc. Cosmet. Sci, Vol.43, No.1 pp. 19-26, (2017).
  7. I. Posadas, MC. Terencio, I. Guillen, ML. Ferrandiz, J. Coloma, M. Paya, MJ. Alcaraz, "Co-regulation between cyclo-oxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in the time-course of murine inflammation", Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol, Vol.361, No.1 pp. 98-106, (2000). https://doi.org/10.1007/s002109900150
  8. W. U. Lee, "Anti-inflammaory effects of the MeOH extract of Petiolus Nelumbinis", Department of Oriental Medicine Graduate school of Daegu Hanny University, Daegu, Korea, pp. 1-14, (2009).
  9. H. N. Yang, E. H. Lee, H. M. Kim, "Spirulina platensis inhibits anaphylactic reaction", Life Sci, Vol.61, No.13 pp. 1237-1244, (1997). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(97)00668-1
  10. J. H. Choi, M. H. Kim, M. S. Cho, H. S. Lee, W. Y. Kim, "The nutritional status and dietary pattern by BMI in Korean elderly", Korean Nutrition Sci, Vol.35, No.4 pp. 201-207, (2002).
  11. J. H. Park, "Strength of Spirulina", Wonkwang University Graduate School Master's Thesis, pp. 1-30, (2009).
  12. JE. Pinero Estrada, P. Bermejo Descos, AM. Villardel Fresno, "Antioxidant activity of different fractions of spirulina platensis protean extract", Farmaco, Vol.56 No.5-7 pp. 497-500, (2001). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-827X(01)01084-9
  13. H. J. Jang, E. Y. Choi, "Effects of Spirulina Platensis Extract, the Act of which are Anti-inflammation, Anti-aging, As well as Suppressing Melanin Synthesis", Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol, Vol.13, No.2 pp. 243-249, (2015).
  14. H. J. Jang, "Study on the physiological functions and improve of Spirulina platensisin soothing facial redness and sensitive skin", Majorin Cosmetic Biology Department of Microbial Engineering Graduate School of Konkuk University, pp. 19-44, (2015).
  15. S. J. Jung, H. J. Lee, S. H. Li, "A Study on the Effect of Spirulina-containing Cosmetics Using Micro-Needle", Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, Vol.18, No.6 pp. 269-276, (2017). https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2017.18.1.269
  16. M. C. Kang, S. Y. Kim, Y. T. Kim, E. A. Kim, S. H. Lee, S. C. Ko, "In vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities of polysaccharide purified from aloe vera(Aloe barbadensis) gel", Carbohydr Polym, Vol.99, pp. 365-371. (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.07.091
  17. J. S. Kim, Y. K. Choi1, J. H. Lee, S. Y. Kim, H. S. Kim, Y. J. Jeon, S. J. Heo, "Anti-inflammatory Activity on LPS-stimulated in vitro RAW 264.7 Cells and in vivo Zebrafish of Heterosigma akshiwo", J. Chitin Chitosan, Vol.22 No.3 pp. 185-193, (2017). https://doi.org/10.17642/jcc.22.3.7
  18. S. Y. Lee, "A Study on Cytoprotective Effect and Application of Cosmetic Using Zostera marina Extract", Division of Biomedicinal & Cosmetics, Mokwon University, Daejeon, Korea. pp. 15-16, (2016).
  19. B. Geffroy, O. Simon, "Effects of a Spirulina platensis-based diet on zebrafish female reproductive performance and larval survival rate", Cybium, Vol.37 No.1-2 pp. 31-38, (2013).
  20. T. Y. Kim, J. P. Bak, "Antioxidant and Protective Effects of Gagam-Danguieumia on Ultraviolet B-induced Damage in Human Keratinocytes", J. Physiol & Pathol Korean Med, Vol.29, No.6 pp. 475-484, (2015). https://doi.org/10.15188/kjopp.2015.12.29.6.475
  21. H. Watanuki, K. Ota, A. C. M. A. R Tassakka, T. Kato, M. Sakai, "Immunostimulant effects of dietary Spirulina platensis on carp, Cyprinus carpio", Aquaculture, Vol.258, No.1-4 pp. 157-163, (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.05.003
  22. H. J. Kim, "Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Activities of GABA Enriched Spirulina by Fermentation", Department of Food and Nutrition Graduate School Chungnam National University, pp. 35-36, (2012).
  23. M. J. Kim, "Extracts from Spirulina maxima Protects Pancreatic Beta Cells against Cytokine Mediated Cytotoxicity", Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science The Graduate School of Health Science, Eulji University, pp. 19-60, (2011).