Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment (생태와환경)

The Korean Society of Limnology (한국수생태학회)
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Biological Effects and Mouthpart Deformity on Chironomus plumosus Exposed to Chromium and Copper

크롬(Cr)과 구리(Cu) 노출에 따른 Chironomus plumosus 깔다구의 생물학적 영향과 하순기절 기형발생

  • Kim, Won-Seok (Division of Marine Technology, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Park, Kiyun (Fisheries Science Institute, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Kwak, Ihn-Sil (Division of Marine Technology, Chonnam National University)
  • Received : 2019.01.31
  • Accepted : 2019.02.12
  • Published : 2019.03.31
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Abstract

Heavy metals resulted from the increase of human industrial activity are introduced into the environment through rainfall and wastewater, and have harmful effects on inhabitants. In this study, we investigated biological responses such as survival rate, growth rate, emergence rate and sex ratio, and morphological effects of mentum deformity in Chironomus plumosus, an indicator organism to evaluate pollutions on aquatic ecosystem. The survival rate of C. plumosus showed time- and dose-dependent decrease after chromium and copper exposures. Growth rate decreased at $4^{th}$ day after chromium exposure and significantly reduced at exposure to relatively high concentration (copper $1000mg\;L^{-1}$) for all exposure times. In addition, we observed that the emergence rate by exposure to copper $1000mg\;L^{-1}$ was significantly lower than that of the control group. The imbalance of sex ratios showed at relatively low concentrations (chromium 10 and $50mg\;L^{-1}$) with the high proportion of female and at the relative high concentration (copper $1000mg\;L^{-1}$) with the high proportion of male. Furthermore, the morphological mentum deformities of C. plumosus observed in the exposed group according to chromium and copper exposure. These results suggest that the heavy metal exposure in environment may influence biosynthetic and morphological stresses of benthic invertebrate C. plumosus, and aquatic midge C. plumosus are potential indicators for toxicity assessment of heavy metals such as chromium and copper.

인간의 산업활동 증가로 인해 발생하는 크롬과 구리 중금속은 강우와 폐수를 통해 환경으로 유입되어 서식 생물에 유해한 영향을 준다. 본 연구에서는 하천 수생태계 오염 지표 생물인 Chironomus plumosus를 대상으로 크롬과 구리 노출에 따른 생존율, 성장률, 우화율, 성비 등의 생물학적 반응과 하순기절 기형의 형태적 영향을 관찰하였다. C. plumosus의 생존율은 크롬과 구리 노출 시간-농도의존적인 감소를 나타냈다. 성장률은 크롬 노출 후 4일째 감소하였고 구리 노출 시에는 상대적으로 고농도인 $1000mg\;L^{-1}$에서 모든 노출 시간에 감소함을 확인하였다. 또한 $1000mg\;L^{-1}$ 구리 노출에서 대조군에 비해 우화율이 급격히 감소함을 관찰하였다. 크롬 노출 시 성비는 상대적 저농도에서(10과 $50mg\;L^{-1}$) 대조군과 달리 암컷의 비율이 증가했지만 구리 노출 시에는 상대적으로 고농도인 $1000mg\;L^{-1}$에서 수컷의 비율이 눈에 띄게 증가하는 성비불균형을 확인하였다. 나아가 C. plumosus 하순기절 형태적 기형은 크롬과 구리 노출에 따라 노출군에서 발생함을 관찰하였다. 이러한 결과는 크롬과 구리의 수생태계 유입이 서식하는 저서무척추동물인 C. plumosus의 생물학적, 형태적 유해 스트레스를 제공하며 C. plumosus가 크롬과 구리 같은 중금속 독성평가에 민감하게 반응하는 지표종임을 제시한다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : 한국연구재단

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