Journal of Life Science (생명과학회지)

Korean Society of Life Science (한국생명과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of Chlorella Supplementation on Survival and Larval Growth of the Edible Beetles, Protaetia brevitarsis and Allomyrina dichotoma

흰점박이꽃무지와 장수풍뎅이 유충에 대한 사료 첨가제로서 클로렐라의 효과

  • Song, Myung-Ha (Industrial Insect Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Association) ;
  • Park, Kwanho (Industrial Insect Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Association) ;
  • Kim, Eunsun (Industrial Insect Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Association) ;
  • Kim, Yongsoon (Industrial Insect Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Association)
  • 송명하 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 곤충산업과) ;
  • 박관호 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 곤충산업과) ;
  • 김은선 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 곤충산업과) ;
  • 김용순 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 곤충산업과)
  • Received : 2019.07.09
  • Accepted : 2019.09.24
  • Published : 2019.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Edible insects are reported to be rich in protein, minerals and vitamins, and much attention has been paid to them as a future food source. In Korea, they were massively reared and sold. In order to enhance the market value of edible insects for industrialized mass production, it is important to develop the safe and nutritious feed sources for rearing them are needed. In this study, a chlorella-free control feed (Exp1) and six experimental feeds supplemented with 0.5~2.0% liquid or powder types of chlorella were formulated. Protaetia brevitarsis and Allomyrina dichotoma, registered as food ingredients in Korea, were fed with the designed feeds and parameters of growth including larval survivorship, larval body weight, and larval period were analyzed. When chlorella added, larval survivorship was increased 2~13%(p>0.05) and 9~22%(p<0.05) in each beetle compared to the control. Interestingly, the larval period of chlorella powder-added groups was shortened by 24 days (Exp3, p<0.05) in P. brevitarsis and 19 days (Exp4, p<0.01) in A. dichotoma. Meanwhile, some parameters, crude protein, crude fiber, copper, zinc, potassium, magnesium, and phosphorous, in chlorella-added groups of P. brevitarsis were also higher than the control group. Therefore, chlorella could promote the larval growth performance of these two beetles and be used as a feed additive in rearing them.

국제연합식량농업기구(FAO)의 보고에 따르면, 미래의 식량문제 해결 방안으로 식용곤충을 지목하였다. 식용곤충은 단백질을 비롯한 무기질과 비타민 등의 함량이 풍부하여 영양학적 가치가 높은 것으로 평가된다. 따라서 국내 곤충산업의 확대를 위해서는 안정적인 대량사육 시스템의 개발과 안전한 식용곤충 전용 사료의 개발 등에 대한 연구가 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 액상과 분말 클로렐라를 식용곤충종인 흰점박이꽃무지와 장수풍뎅이의 사료 첨가제로 이용하여 각 유충의 생육에 미치는 효과를 분석하였다. 두 곤충 모두에서 클로렐라 액상과 분말을 첨가했을 때 유충의 생존율이 대조구보다 높았다(흰점박이꽃무지; p>0.05, 장수풍뎅이; p<0.05). 클로렐라 분말을 첨가한 사료를 급여했을 때 흰점박이꽃무지와 장수풍뎅이 유충의 3령 기간이 각각 최대 24일(p<0.05)과 19일(p<0.05) 단축되어 곤충 사육농가의 노동력 절감 효과를 기대할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 또한, 장수풍뎅이는 주로 학습애완용으로 판매되는 것에 비해 식용 소재로 활발히 활용되고 있는 흰점박이꽃무지 실험구에 대하여 영양 성분 분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 클로렐라 액상 및 분말 첨가 처리구에서 수분, 조단백질, 조섬유 및 구리, 아연, 마그네슘과 같은 무기질의 함량이 높았고, 납과 카드뮴, 수은 및 비소 등 중금속은 모든 실험구에서 검출되지 않았다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 흰점박이꽃무지와 장수풍뎅이 사육 시 사료 첨가제로서 클로렐라가 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Keywords

References

  1. ABC News 2018. Would Eating Worms Bug You? Researcher Wants to Put Grubs on the Dinner Table. http://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-03-04/mealworms-edible-insects-research-qld-gold-coast/9459496
  2. Ajiboye, O. O., Yakubu, A. F. and Adams, T. E. 2012. A perspective on the ingestion and nutritional effects of feed additives in farmed fish species. World J. Fish Mar. Sci. 4, 87-101.
  3. AOAC. 2010. Official methods of analysis, 18th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington DC, USA.
  4. Borowitzka, M. A. 1988. Vitamins and fine chemicals from micro-algae. In: Borowitzka LJ, editor. Micro-algal biotechnology. New York: Cambridge University Press, p. 153.
  5. Bukkens, S. G. F. 2005. Insects in the human diet: Nutritionalaspects. In M. G. Paoletti (Ed.), Ecological implications of mini livestock; role of rodents, frogs, snails, and insects for sustainable development. pp. 545-577. New Hampshire: SciencePublishers.
  6. Chung, M. Y., Hwang, J. S., Goo, T. W. and Yun, E. Y. 2013. Analysis of general composition and harmful material of Protaetia brevitarsis. J. Life Sci. 23, 664-668. https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2013.23.5.664
  7. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations 2016. Insects for Food and Feed. [cited 19 Sept 2016] Available from URL: http://www.fao.org/edible-insects/en/
  8. Gander, K. 2017. The Independent 16 February. The bug-eating kit that may help humanity survive future global food shortages. http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/foodand-drink/a-designer-has-created-a-bug-eating-kit-to-savehumanitya7583071.html
  9. Gerrard, B. 2017. The Daily Telegraph 17 April. Could edible insects soon be flying off the shelves? http://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2017/04/16/could-edible-insectssoon-flying-shelves/
  10. Guzman, S., Gato, A., Lamela, M., Freire-Garabal, M. and Calleja, J. M. 2003. Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities of polysaccharide from Chlorella stigmatophora and Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Phytother. Res. 17, 665-670. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1227
  11. Halfdanarson, T. R., Kumar, N., Li, C. Y., Phyliky, R. L. and Hogan, W. J. 2008. Hematological manifestations of copper deficiency: A retrospective review. Eur. J. Haematol. 80, 523-531. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0609.2008.01050.x
  12. Handly, M. A., Hall, C., Sanford, E., Diaz, E., Gonzalez- Mendez, E., Drace, K., Wilson, R., Villalobos, M. and Croughan, M. 2007. Globalization, binational communities, and imported food risks: result of an outbreak investigation of lead poisoning in Monterey Country, California. Am. J. Public Health 97, 900-906. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2005.074138
  13. Hoekstra, A. and Chapagain, A. K. 2006. Water footprints ofnations. Water use by people as a function of their consumption pattern. Water Resour. Manag. 21, 35-48. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-006-9039-x
  14. Kang, I. J., Chung, C. K., Kim, S. J., Nam, S. M. and Oh, S. H. 2001. Effects of Protaetia orientalis (Gory et Perchlon) larva on the lipid metabolism in carbon tetrachloride administered rats. Appl. Microsc. 31, 9-18.
  15. Kim, D. S., Huh, J., You, G. C., Chae, S. C., Lee, O. S., Lee, H. B., Lee, J. B. and Kim, J. S. 2007. Allomyrina dichotoma larva extracts protect streptozotocin-induced oxidative cytotoxicity. J. Environ. Toxicol. 22, 349-355.
  16. Kuby, J. 1994. Immunology. New York: WH Freeman and Company.
  17. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. 2010. Guideline for safety evaluation of new food materials.
  18. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. 2016. Food Sanitation Act, revised notice (2016-18).
  19. Misner, B. 2006. Food alone may not provide sufficient micronutrients for preventing deficiency. J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr. 3, 51-55. https://doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783-3-1-51
  20. Nakagaki, B. J. and Defoliart, G. R. 1991. Comparison of dietsfor mass-rearing Acheta domesticus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) asa novelty food, and comparison of food conversion efficiencywith values reported for livestock. J. Econ. Entomol. 84, 891-896. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/84.3.891
  21. Oonincx, D. G. A. B., van Itterbeeck, J., Heetkamp, M. J. W., Van denBrand, H., Van Loon, J. J. A. and van Huis, A. 2010. An explo-ration on greenhouse gas and ammonia production by insectspecies suitable for animal or human consumption. PLoS One 5, e14445. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0014445
  22. Otles, S. and Pire, R. 2001. Fatty acid composition of Chlorella and Spirulina microalgae species. J. Aoac. Int. 84, 1708-1714. https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/84.6.1708
  23. Rumpold, B. A. and Schlüter, O. K. 2013. Nutritionalcomposition and safety aspects of edible insects. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 57, 802-823. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201200735
  24. Sano, T. and Tanaka, Y. 1987. Effects of dried powdered Chlorella vulgaris on experimental atherosclerosis and alimentary hypercholesterolemia in cholesterol-fed rabbit. Artery 14, 76-84.
  25. Schubert, L. E. 1988. The use of spirulina and chlorella as food resource for animals and humans. In: Round FE, Chapman DJ, editors. Progressing physiological research. Bristol, U.K.: Biopress Ltd, p. 237.
  26. Shibata, S., Natori, Y., Nishihara, T., Tomisaka, K., Matsubara, K., Sanawa, H. and Nguyen, V. C. 2003. Antioxidant and anticataract effect of Chlorella on rats with streptozotocin- induced diabetes. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. 49, 334-339. https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.49.334
  27. Stockoff, B. A. 1993. Ontogenic change in dietary selection for protein and lipid by gypsy moth larvae. J. Insect Physiol. 39, 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1910(93)90073-Z
  28. Suh, H. J. and Kang, S. C. 2012. Antioxidant activity of aqueous extracts of Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis (Coleoptera: Scrabaedia) at different growth stage. Nat. Prod. Res. 26, 510-517. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2010.530267
  29. Suh, H. J., Kim, S. R., Lee, K. S., Park, S. and Kang, S. C. 2010. Antioxidant activity of various slovent extracts from Allomyrina dichotoma (Arthropoda: Insecta) larvae. J. Photochem. Photobiol. 99, 67-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2010.02.005
  30. Taketa, K., Ichikawa, E., Umetsu, K. and Suzuki, T. 1986. Allomyrina dichotoma lectin-nonreactive ${\alpha}$-fetoprotein in hepatocellular carcinoma and other tumors: Comparison with Ricinus communis agglutinin-1. Cancer Lett. 31, 325-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3835(86)90155-2
  31. Van Huis, A. 2013. Potential of insects as food and feed in assuringfood security. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 58, 563-583. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-120811-153704
  32. Van Huis, A., Van Itterbeeck, J., Klunder, H., Mertens, E., Halloran, A., Muir, G. and Vantomme, P. 2013. Edible insects: Future prospects forfood and feed security (No. 171). Food and agriculture organi-zation of the United nations (FAO).
  33. Yoo, J. M., Hwang, J. S., Goo, T. W. and Yoon, E. Y. 2013. Comparative analysis of nutritional and harmful components in Korean and Chinese mealworms (Tenebrio molitor). J. Kor. Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 42, 249-254. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2013.42.2.249
  34. Yoo, Y. C., Shin, B. H., Hong, J. H., Lee, J. L., Chee, H. Y., Song, K. S. and Lee, K. B. 2007. Isolation of fatty acids with anticancer activity from Protaetia brevitarsis larva. Arch. Pharm. Res. 30, 361-365. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02977619
  35. Young, I. S. and Woodside, J. V. 2001. Antioxidants in health and disease. J. Clin. Pathol. 54, 176-186. https://doi.org/10.1136/jcp.54.3.176