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Climatic Changes and Geographical Characteristics of Solar Term Temperatures in the Korean Peninsula

한반도 절기 기온의 기후적 변화와 지리적 특성

  • PARK, Sun-Yurp (Dept. of Geography Education, Pusan National University) ;
  • LEE, Su-Kyung (The Geography Education Major, Department of Social Studies Education, The Graduate School of Pusan National University)
  • 박선엽 (부산대학교 지리교육과) ;
  • 이수경 (부산대학교 대학원, 사회교육학과 지리교육학 전공)
  • Received : 2019.08.30
  • Accepted : 2019.09.25
  • Published : 2019.09.30

Abstract

The twenty-four Solar Terms are Chinese traditional astronomical divisions that describe seasonal cycles of the year. Based on the analyses of meteorological data during 1979~2018, study results showed that the temperatures of the Solar Terms had increased in general in the Korean Peninsula. In North Korea, temperature increases were observed on 21 Solar Terms, and their seasonal mean temperatures were increased by $0.87^{\circ}C$, $1.19^{\circ}C$, $1.45^{\circ}C$, and $0.64^{\circ}C$ on average in spring, summer, fall, and winter, respectively. The duration of summer has lengthened due to the temperature rise in fall, and the magnitude of temperature change was greater in summer compared to winter. As for South Korea, increases in temperature were observed on 18 Solar Terms, and the temperature changes were more pronounced in fall and winter than spring and summer. The Great Snow temperature decreased more than any other Solar Terms during the study period, and this temperature change was observed both in North and South Koreas. The Great Cold, which represents the coldest day of the year, showed a significant temperature increase of $3.08^{\circ}C$, while the Slight Heat had a marginal temperature increase of $0.29^{\circ}C$. The hottest day and the first day of frost tended to come later than the Great Heat and the Frost's Decent. By contrast, the coldest day tended to occur later than the Great Cold in the study area. On average over the entire study period, the climatic fitness of the Great Heat and the Frost's Decent was higher in North Korea, and that of the Great Cold was higher in South Korea, respectively.

24절기는 연중 계절 변화를 기술하기 위해 만들어진 중국의 전통적인 천문학적 구분 방식이다. 본 연구는 지난 40년간의 기상 자료 분석을 통해 한반도 절기 기온이 전반적으로 상승했음을 보여주었다. 북한의 경우 청명, 소설, 대설을 제외한 21개 절기 기온이 모두 상승했으며, 계절별로 봄, 여름, 가을, 겨울에 해당하는 절기의 평균기온은 각각 $0.87^{\circ}C$, $1.19^{\circ}C$, $1.45^{\circ}C$, $0.64^{\circ}C$ 상승했다. 가을철 기온 상승의 폭이 커진 결과 여름의 지속 기간이 길어졌고, 겨울에 비해 상대적으로 여름의 기온이 더 큰 폭으로 상승하였다. 남한의 경우, 18개 절기의 기온이 상승했는데, 계절적으로는 가을과 겨울철을 중심으로 상승하였다. 다른 절기에 비해 대설은 기온 하강 폭이 현저히 크게 나타났는데, 이러한 경향은 남북한 차이 없이 공통적인 특징으로 조사되었다. 연중 가장 추운 절기를 나타내는 대한의 기온은 연구 기간 동안 현저한 증가 추세($3.08^{\circ}C$)를 보인 반면, 여름 절기인 소서의 기온 증가 폭은 $0.29^{\circ}C$에 그쳐 상대적으로 미미하였다. 최근 연중 극서일과 첫서리일 발생은 남북한 지역 전체적으로 과거에 비해 대서와 상강 절기보다 각각 늦어지는 경향을 보인 반면, 극한일의 발생은 대한 절기보다 일찍 나타나는 추세를 보였다. 연구 기간 동안의 절기별 기온 변화를 분석한 결과, 대서와 상강의 절기 부합도는 북한 지역에서, 대한의 절기 부합도는 남한 지역에서 각각 더 높게 조사되었다.

Keywords

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