Fashion & Textile Research Journal (한국의류산업학회지)

The Society of Fashion and Textile Industry (한국의류산업학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Influence of Clothing Pressure on Blood Flow and Subjective Sensibility of Commercial Sports Compression Wear

시판 스포츠 컴프레션 웨어의 의복압이 혈류 및 주관적 감성에 미치는 영향

  • Kim, Nam Yim (Research Institute of Human Ecology, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Lee, Hyojeong (Dept. of Fashion Design & Merchandising, Kongju National University)
  • 김남임 (충남대학교 생활과학연구소) ;
  • 이효정 (공주대학교 의류상품학과)
  • Received : 2019.02.25
  • Accepted : 2019.04.05
  • Published : 2019.08.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Compression wear provides clothing pressure and affects how blood flows. Facilitating a blood flow is one of the most important functions of compression wear. The wearer's sensibility should be considered when designing compression wear. This study instructed participants to put on 5 types of sport compression wear with different pressure levels (CP-1 to CP-5), measured clothing pressure, blood flow level, blood flow rate, and surface temperature, and examined the pressure level that influenced blood flow through a subjective sensibility assessment. An experiment measured the clothing pressure of compression wear available in the market and found that the pressure ranged 0.6-1.1 kPa for the ankle, 0.7-2.3 kPa for the calf, and 0.9-1.9 kPa for the thigh. Meanwhile, blood flow levels and rates significantly increased when participants wore CP-1, which had the highest clothing pressure level, and CP-2 and CP-4 with middle-level pressure. After exercise, CP-2's surface temperature was the highest and revealed that wearing CP-2 facilitated blood flow. CP-2 was evaluated as most positive in the sensibility assessment and showed a clothing pressure of 0.67-1.82 kPa; its pressure for the calf did not surpass 2.0 kPa. Considering positive physical effect of compression wear on blood flow and subjective psychological effect on participants, CP-2 (0.67-1.82 kPa) would have the most suitable clothing pressure level among other types of the wear in this study.

Keywords

References

  1. Ali, A., Creasy, R. H., & Edge, J. A. (2010). Physiological effects of wearing graduated compression stockings during running. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 109(6), 1017-1025. doi:10.1007/s00421-010-1447-1
  2. Bringard, A., Denis, R., Belluye, N., & Perrey, S. (2006). Effects of compression tights on calf muscle oxygenation and venous pooling during quiet resting in supine and standing positions. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 46(4), 548-554.
  3. Duffield, R., & Portus, M. (2007). Comparison of three types of fullbody compression garments on throwing and repeat-sprint performance in cricket players. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 41(7), 409-414. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2006.033753
  4. Formenti, D., Ludwig, N., Rossi, A., Trecroci, A., Alberti, G., Gargano, M., ... & Caumo, A. (2017). Skin temperature evaluation by infrared thermography: comparison of two image analysis methods during the nonsteady state induced by physical exercise. Infrared Physics & Technology, 81, 32-40. doi:10.1016/j.infrared.2016.12.009
  5. Gill, N. D., Beaven, C. M., & Cook, C. (2006). Effectiveness of postmatch recovery strategies in rugby players. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 40(3), 260-263. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2005.022483
  6. Hadzic, V., Sirok, B., Malnersic, A., & Coh, M. (2019). Can infrared thermography be used to monitor fatigue during exercise? A case study. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 8(1), 89-92. doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2015.08.002
  7. Jakeman, J. R., Byrne, C., & Eston, R. G. (2010). Efficacy of lower limb compression and combined treatment of manual massage and lower limb compression on symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage in women. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 24(11), 3157-3165. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181e4f80c
  8. Kakkos, S. K., Timpilis, M., Patrinos, P., Nikolakopoulos, K. M., Papageorgopoulou, C. P., Kouri, A. K., ... & Tsolakis, I. A. (2018). Acute effects of graduated elastic compression stockings in patients with symptomatic varicose veins: A randomised double blind placebo controlled trial. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, 55(1), 118-125. doi:10.1016/j.ejvs.2017.10.004
  9. Kim, H. E., & Hahm, O. S. (1994). The clothing pressure of the bodysuits on various sizes and movements. Journal of the Korean Society of Living Environmental System, 1(2), 129-138.
  10. Kim, N. Y., & Hong, K. H. (2016). The effect of compression knee band and heat treatment on blood velocity of the elderly with osteoarthritis. Fashion & Textile Research Journal, 18(5), 716-723. doi:10.5805/SFTI.2016.18.5.716.
  11. Kim, S. Y., & Hong, K. H. (2014). Effects of local body heating and cooling on thermogram analysis of the extremity with hot pack. Korean Journal of Human Ecology, 23(6), 1205-1215. doi:10.5934/kjhe.2014.23.6.1205
  12. Korean Agency for Technology and Standard. (2010). 측정데이터 검색-전신[Search measurement data-whole body]. Size Korea. Retrieved July 14, 2018, from http://sizekorea.kr/measurementdata/body
  13. Kraemer, W. J., Bush, J. A., Wickham, R. B., Denegar, C. R., Gomez, A. L., Gotshalk, L. A., ... & Sebastianelli, W. J. (2001). Influence of compression therapy on symptoms following soft tissue injury from maximal eccentric exercise. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 31(6), 282-290. doi:10.2519/jospt.2001.31.6.282
  14. Mayrovitz, H. N., & Sims, N. (2003). Effects of ankle-to-knee external pressures on skin blood perfusion under and distal to compression. Advances in Skin & Wound Care, 16(4), 198-202. https://doi.org/10.1097/00129334-200307000-00013
  15. Miyamoto, N., Hirata, K., Mitsukawa, N., Yanai, T., & Kawakami, Y. (2011). Effect of pressure intensity of graduated elastic compression stocking on muscle fatigue following calf-raise exercise. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 21(2), 249-254. doi:10.1016/j.jelekin.2010.08.006
  16. Mosti, G., & Partsch, H. (2014). Improvement of venous pumping function by double progressive compression stockings: higher pressure over the calf is more important than a graduated pressure profile. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, 47(5), 545-549. doi:10.1016/j.ejvs.2014.01.006
  17. Park, J. H., & Choi, J. W. (2010). Pilot study on effects of thermal stimulation using clothing microclimate on capillary diameter and other physiological responses. Journal of the Korean Society of Living Environmental System, 17(6), 740-749.
  18. Quesada, J. I. P., Carpes, F. P., Bini, R. R., Palmer, R. S., Perez-Soriano, P., & de Anda, R. M. C. O. (2015). Relationship between skin temperature and muscle activation during incremental cycle exercise. Journal of Thermal Biology, 48, 28-35. doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2014.12.005
  19. Stanton, J. R., Freis, E. D., & Wilkins, R. W. (1949). The acceleration of linear flow in the deep veins of the lower extremity of man by local compression. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 28(3), 553-558. doi:10.1172/JCI102104
  20. Styf, J. (1990). The influence of external compression on muscle blood flow during exercise. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 18(1), 92-95. doi:10.1177/036354659001800115
  21. Troynikov, O., Ashayeri, E., Burton, M., Subic, A., Alam, F., & Marteau, S. (2010). Factors influencing the effectiveness of compression garments used in sports. Procedia Engineering, 2(2), 2823-2829. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2010.04.073