Journal of Nutrition and Health

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
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Association with obesity and abdominal obesity according to the kind and amount of coffee intake in Korean adults: 2013~ 2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

한국 성인의 커피 섭취 유형에 따라 비만 및 복부비만에 미치는 영향 연구 : 2013 ~ 2016 국민건강영양조사 자료 활용

  • Received : 2019.07.16
  • Accepted : 2019.08.05
  • Published : 2019.08.31
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Abstract

Purpose: We evaluate the influence of the types of coffee beverage on obesity and abdominal obesity in Korean adults who were aged 19 years or over by using the 2013 ~ 2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Methods: Specific questions were asked about frequency of coffee intake, the type of coffee beverage, the addition of milk and/or sugar to coffee by using the food frequency questionnaire of the 2013 ~ 2016 KNHANES. Results: We found that coffee intake increased the prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity. After multivariable adjustment, coffee consumption increased the risk of obesity by 1.30 (95% CI: 1.08 ~ 1.57) in the group that drank coffee twice a day, and 1.33 (95% CI: 1.11 ~ 1.60) in the people who drank coffee ${\geq}3$ times a day as compared to that of the non-coffee intake group. The risk of abdominal obesity increased to 1.27 (95% CI: 1.02 ~ 1.57) in the < 1 time/day coffee drinking group, 1.34 (95% CI: 1.08 ~ 1.66) in the 1 time/day coffee drinking group, 1.35 (95% CI: 1.09 ~ 1.67) in the 2 times/day coffee drinking group, and 1.40 (95% CI: 1.14 ~ 1.72) in the ${\geq}3$ times/day coffee drinking group as compared to that of the non-coffee drinking group. The influence of black coffee intake was different according to gender: males showed a high prevalence of abdominal obesity and females showed a high prevalence of obesity. Mixed coffee consumption increased the risk of obesity and abdominal obesity by more than 34% in men who consumed coffee more than 3 times a day and in women who consumed coffee more than 2 times per day. Conclusions: We found that coffee intake, regardless of the type of coffee, increased the prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity. It is necessary to refrain from drinking coffee to prevent obesity.

본 연구는 제 6기 (2013 ~ 2015년), 제 7기 1년차 (2016년) 국민건강영양조사 자료를 활용하여 만 19세 이상 성인 13,429명 (남 : 5,284명, 여 : 8,145명)을 대상으로 커피 섭취빈도 및 섭취 방법이 비만과 복부비만에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 수행하였다. 커피 섭취빈도 및 섭취방법은 국민건강영양조사 자료 중 식품섭취빈도조사지의 커피, 설탕, 프림 섭취 빈도를 활용하여 하루 단위의 커피 섭취횟수와 커피 섭취 유형을 분류한 후 비만 및 복부비만의 위험도에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 커피 섭취횟수를 보면 커피 미섭취군 11.6%, 하루 1회 미만 22.3%, 하루 1회 18.5%, 하루 2회 23.7%, 하루 3회 이상 23.9%로 조사대상자의 65% 이상은 하루 1회 이상 커피를 섭취하였고, 커피 섭취자 중 블랙커피 섭취자 보다는 믹스커피 섭취자가 2배 이상 많았다. 커피 미섭취군에 비해 하루 3회 이상 커피 섭취군에서 에너지, 탄수화물 및 당 섭취량이 유의적으로 높았을 뿐만 아니라, 비만과 복부비만자의 비율 역시 유의적으로 많았다. 커피 섭취가 비만 발생의 위험에 미치는 영향을 보면 커피 미섭취군에 비해 하루 2회 섭취군에서 1.30 (95% CI: 1.08 ~ 1.57), 하루 3회 이상 섭취군에서 1.33 (95% CI: 1.11 ~ 1.60)으로 나타나 하루 2회 이상의 커피 섭취는 비만과 복부비만 발생의 위험을 30% 정도 증가시켰고, 복부비만의 위험은 커피 비섭취군에 비해 하루 1회 미만 섭취군 1.27 (95% CI: 1.02 ~ 1.57), 하루 1회 섭취군 1.34 (95% CI: 1.08 ~ 1.66), 하루 2회 섭취군 1.35 (95% CI: 1.09 ~ 1.67), 하루 3회 이상 섭취군 1.40 (95% CI: 1.14 ~ 1.72)로 나타나 하루 1회 이상의 커피 섭취는 복부비만의 위험을 34% 정도 높였으며, 성별에 상관없이 커피 섭취는 커피 미섭취자에 비해 비만과 복부비만 발생의 위험을 증가시키는 경향을 보였다. 커피 섭취방법에 따른 차이를 보면 전체 대상자의 경우 블랙커피와 믹스커피 모두 비만과 복부비만 발생의 위험을 증가시키는 추이를 보였으나, 성별에 따라서는 커피 섭취방법에 따라 차이를 보였다. 블랙커피의 경우 남성에서는 복부비만 발생의 위험을, 여성에서는 비만 발생의 위험을 증가시키는 추이를 보였고, 믹스커피의 경우 남성은 하루 3회 이상 섭취 시, 여성은 하루 2회 이상 섭취 시 비만과 복부비만의 위험을 34% 정도 증가시켰다. 본 연구결과 성별에 따라 커피를 섭취하는 방법이 비만과 복부비만에 미치는 영향에 차이를 보이긴 하였으나, 전체대상자를 보았을 때 커피의 종류에 상관없이 커피섭취는 비만 및 복부비만 발생의 위험을 증가시킬 수 있는 식이요인으로 나타나고 있으므로 비만 및 만성질환의 예방을 위해서는 커피 섭취 유형 및 적정수준의 커피섭취량에 대한 가이드라인을 제시할 필요가 있으며, 이들 위한 근거자료로 본 연구결과를 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

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