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Microbiological Safety Evaluation on Ice Cream and Ice Pop Products

빙과류의 품목별 제품의 미생물학적 안전성 평가

  • Yu, Jeong-Wan (Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University) ;
  • Kim, So-Hyun (Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University) ;
  • Hong, Dong-Lee (Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University) ;
  • Kim, Hyeon-Jae (Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University) ;
  • Jeong, Eun-Joo (Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University) ;
  • Lee, Jae-Hwa (Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University) ;
  • Yang, Ji-Young (Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University) ;
  • Lee, Yang-Bong (Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University)
  • 유정완 (부경대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 김소현 (부경대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 홍동리 (부경대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 김현재 (부경대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 정은주 (부경대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 이재화 (부경대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 양지영 (부경대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 이양봉 (부경대학교 식품공학과)
  • Received : 2019.04.29
  • Accepted : 2019.07.16
  • Published : 2019.08.30

Abstract

In order to evaluate the microbiological safety of ice cream products, the total viable bacterial counts were measured in 6 kinds of ice pops, 5 kinds of non-milk fat ice cream, and 5 kinds of milk fat ice cream, sold in local markets. In addition, E. coli, S. aureus, B. cereus, and L. monocytogenes were artificially inoculated in three types of ice cream products and stored at $-5^{\circ}C$, $-10^{\circ}C$, and $-18^{\circ}C$, respectively, and after inoculation, viable cells were measured periodically. As a result of the total viable count, about 1~2 log CFU/mL was detected in 16 kinds of ice cream products. As a result of inoculation with microorganisms at various temperatures, the number of viable cells decreased as the storage period became longer, and the higher the storage temperature, the faster the microorganisms died. Especially, the microorganisms were killed faster in the ice pop products than in the other ice cream products, and the microorganisms were killed relatively slower in the milk ice cream. L. monocytogenes and S. aureus were relatively stable in frozen conditions compared to other microorganisms. The microbial contamination of commercial ice cream was lower than the allowable standard of the Korean Food Code. Microorganisms did not proliferate when the microorganism was inoculated at freezing temperature. Therefore, it is expected that the microbiological safety of frozen foods will be ensured if the sanitary control and disinfection of raw materials are thoroughly carried out during the production of frozen confections and the temperature control during distribution and storage is well maintained.

본 연구는 빙과류의 종류별로 미생물학적 안전성 평가를 수행하기 위하여 시중에 판매되고 있는 아이스크림의 종류별로 일반세균수를 측정하였다. 또한 냉동저장 중 아이스크림에서 미생물의 생존가능성을 확인하기 위하여 저장온도를 달리하여 S. aureus, B. cereus, L. monocytogenes와 E. coli를 빙과류의 종류별로 각각 접종하여 저장기간에 따라 생균수를 측정하였다. 시판중인 빙과류 중 빙과 2 제품과 비유지방아이스크림 1제품에서는 10 CFU/mL 이하로 검출되었으며, 이외의 빙과류 제품에서는 1.04-2.10 logCFU/mL이 검출되었다. 측정한 16종의 빙과류 모두 식품공전상의 세균수 기준 이하로 측정되어 빙과류에서의 미생물 오염수준이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 빙과류에 미생물을 접종하여 각각 $-5^{\circ}C$, $-10^{\circ}C$, and $-18^{\circ}C$에 저장하여 주기적으로 생균수를 측정한 결과 저장기간에 따라 모두 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 모든 저장조건에서 생균수가 감소하였으며 냉동저장 중에서는 온도가 높을수록 더 많은 미생물이 사멸하였다. 특히, 빙과제품에서는 $-5^{\circ}C$에서 모든 균이 1~4주 이내에 사멸하였는데 이는 빙과제품의 낮은 pH와 접종 후 냉동조건에서 생긴 빙결정들에 의한 것으로 사료된다. 냉동조건에서 미생물은 증식하지 않았으며 효소의 반응 또한 냉동온도에서는 매우 천천히 일어나기 때문에 맛의 변화는 장기간 저장해도 잘 일어나지 않을 것으로 사료된다. 따라서 빙과류의 유통기한에 있어서 저장 및 유통 온도가 잘 지켜진다면 미생물학적 안전성은 확보가 될 것으로 사료되며, 품질변화 중 조직감의 변화를 고려해야 한다. 빙과류의 유통기한에 관한 연구를 위해서 미생물학적 안전성뿐만 아니라 유통 및 저장 중 온도변화에 따른 빙결정 생성과 같은 조직감의 변화와 지방산패 등 이화학적 분석을 포함한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

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