DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Service life prediction of chloride-corrosive concrete under fatigue load

  • Yang, Tao (School of Transportation, Southeast University) ;
  • Guan, Bowen (School of Material Science and Engineering, Chang'an University) ;
  • Liu, Guoqiang (School of Transportation, Southeast University) ;
  • Li, Jing (School of Transportation, Southeast University) ;
  • Pan, Yuanyuan (School of Transportation, Southeast University) ;
  • Jia, Yanshun (School of Transportation, Southeast University) ;
  • Zhao, Yongli (School of Transportation, Southeast University)
  • 투고 : 2018.12.13
  • 심사 : 2019.04.27
  • 발행 : 2019.08.25

초록

Chloride corrosion has become the main factor of reducing the service life of reinforced concrete structures. The object of this paper is to propose a theoretical model that predicts the service life of chloride-corrosive concrete under fatigue load. In the process of modeling, the concrete is divided into two parts, microcrack and matrix. Taking the variation of mcirocrack area caused by fatigue load into account, an equation of chloride diffusion coefficient under fatigue load is established, and then the predictive model is developed based on Fick's second law. This model has an analytic solution and is reasonable in comparison to previous studies. Finally, some factors (chloride diffusion coefficient, surface chloride concentration and fatigue parameter) are analyzed to further investigate this model. The results indicate: the time to pit-to-crack transition and time to crack growth should not be neglected when predicting service life of concrete in strong corrosive condition; the type of fatigue loads also has a great impact on lifetime of concrete. In generally, this model is convenient to predict service life of chloride-corrosive concrete with different water to cement ratio, under different corrosive condition and under different types of fatigue load.

키워드

과제정보

연구 과제 주관 기관 : Natural Science Foundation of China

참고문헌

  1. Ann, K.Y., Ahn, J.H. and Ryou, J.S. (2009), "The importance of chloride content at the concrete surface in assessing the time to corrosion of steel in concrete structures", Constr. Build. Mater., 23(1), 239-245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.12.014.
  2. Bastidas-Arteaga, E., Bressolette, P., Chateauneuf, A. and Sanchez-Silva, M. (2009), "Probabilistic lifetime assessment of RC structures under coupled corrosion-fatigue deterioration processes", Struct. Saf., 31(1), 84-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2008.04.001.
  3. Chen, S.F., Zheng, M.L. and Wand, B. G. (2009), "Study of highperformance concrete subjected to coupled action from sodium sulfate solution and alternating stresses", J. Mater. Civil Eng., 21(4), 148-153. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2009)21:4(148).
  4. Chen, Z.J. (2004), "Effect of reinforcement corrosion on the serviceability of reinforced concrete structures", Master's Thesis, University of Dundee, Scotland.
  5. Christensen, R.M. (2002), "An evaluation of linear cumulative damage (Miner's Law) using kinetic crack growth theory", Mech. Time-Depend Mater., 6(4), 363-377. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021297914883.
  6. Cusson, D., Lounis, Z. and Daigle, L. (2011), "Durability monitoring for improved service life predictions of concrete bridge decks in corrosive environments", Comput. Aid. Civil Inf., 26(7), 524-541. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8667.2010.00710.x.
  7. Djerbi, A., Bonnet, S., Khelidj, A. and Baroghel-Bouny, V. (2008), "Influence of traversing crack on chloride diffusion into concrete", Cement Concrete Res., 38(6), 877-883. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.10.007.
  8. Farahani, A., Taghaddos, H. and Shekarchi, M. (2015), "Prediction of long-term chloride diffusion in silica fume concrete in a marine environment", Cement Concrete Compos., 59, 10-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2015.03.006.
  9. Fatemi, A. and Yang, L. (1998), "Cumulative fatigue damage and life prediction theories: a survey of the state of the art for homogeneous materials", Int. J. Fatig., 20(1), 9-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0142-1123(97)00081-9.
  10. Fu, C., Ye, H., Jin, X., Yan, D., Jin, N. and Peng, Z. (2016). "Chloride penetration into concrete damaged by uniaxial tensile fatigue loading", Constr. Build. Mater., 125, 714-723. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.08.096.
  11. Gontar, W.A., Martin, J.P. and Popovics, J.S. (2000), "Effects of cyclic loading on chloride permeability of plain concrete", Proceeding of ASCE International Conference of Condition monitoring of Materials and Structures, Austin, USA, May.
  12. He, H., Li, R. and Chen, K. (2015), "Durability evolution of RC bridge under coupling action of chloride corrosion and carbonization based on DLA model", Math. Prob. Eng., 2015(3), 1-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/951846.
  13. Hisada, M., Nagataki, S. and Otsuki, N. (1999), "Evaluation of mineral admixtures on the viewpoint of chloride ion migration through mortar", Cement Concrete Compos., 21(5), 443-448. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0958-9465(99)00034-7.
  14. Jefremczuk, S. (2004), "Chloride ingress and transport in cracked concrete", Master's Thesis, McGill University, Montreal.
  15. Jiang, J., Sun, W. and Wang, C. (2010), "Resistance to chloride ion diffusion of structural concrete under bending fatigue load", J. Southeast Univ., 40(2), 362-366. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-0505.2010.02.028.
  16. Jiang, L., Liu, H., Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., Song, Z., Xu, J., ... and Gao, H. (2015), "Influence of flexural fatigue on chloride threshold value for the corrosion of steels in $Ca(OH)_2$ solutions", Mater. Chem. Phys., 164, 23-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2015.08.016.
  17. Jiang, L., Zhu, C., Ning, X.U. et al. (2016), "Effect of tensile fatigue on diffusion of chloride ion in concrete", J. Build. Mater., 19(3), 456-460. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1007-9629.2016.03.007.
  18. Jin, J., Wu, G.J., Weng, J., Wang, C.K., Yue, Z.G. and Xu, C. (2011), "Experimental study on influence of cement water ratio on chloride diffusion coefficient and carbonation rate of concrete", Bull. Chin. Ceram. Soc., 30(4), 943-949. https://doi.org/10.1097/RLU.0b013e3181f49ac7.
  19. Jin, W.L., Yan, Y.D. and Wang, H.L. (2010), "Chloride diffusion in the cracked concrete", Fracture Mechanics of Concrete and Concrete Structures-Assessment, Durability, Monitoring and Retrofitting, 880-886.
  20. Kwon, S.J., Na, U.J., Park, S.S. and Jung, S.H. (2009), "Service life prediction of concrete wharves with early-aged crack: Probabilistic approach for chloride diffusion", Struct. Saf., 31(1), 75-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2008.03.004.
  21. Lay, S., SchieBl, P. and Cairns, J. (2003), "Service Life Models: Instructions on methodology and application of models for the prediction of the residual service life for classified environmental loads and types of structures in Europe", LIFECON Project, Deliverable D3.2, Contract G1RD-CT-2000-00378.
  22. Lee, B.J., Hyun, J.H. and Kim, Y.Y. (2014), "Chloride permeability of damaged high-performance fiber-reinforced cement composite by repeated compressive loads", Mater., 7(8), 5802-5815. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma7085802.
  23. Life-365 (2010), Life-365 V2.0.1 User's Manual. http://www.life-365.org.
  24. Lindvall, A. (1998), "Duracrete-probabilistic performance based durability design of concrete structures", 2nd Int. PhD. Symposium in Civil Engineering, Budapest, Hungary, May.
  25. Liu, J., Ou, G., Qiu, Q., Chen, X., Hong, J. and Xing, F. (2017), "Chloride transport and microstructure of concrete with/without fly ash under atmospheric chloride condition", Constr. Build. Mater., 146, 493-501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.04.018.
  26. McGee, R. (1999), "Modelling of durability performance of Tasmanian bridges", Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering, Sydney, Austrian, December.
  27. Murakami, S. (1988), "Mechanical modeling of material damage", J. Appl. Mech., 55, 280-286. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3173673.
  28. Nakhi, A., Xie, Z. and Asiz, A. (2000), "Chloride penetration in concrete under coupled hygromechanical loadings", Proceedings of Engineering Mechanics Conference, Austin, USA, May.
  29. Oh, B.H. (1991), "Fatigue life distributions of concrete for various stress levels", ACI Mater. J., 88(2), 122-128. https://doi.org/10.14359/1870.
  30. Otieno, M., Beushausen, H. and Alexander, M. (2016), "Chloride-induced corrosion of steel in cracked concrete-Part I: Experimental studies under accelerated and natural marine environments", Cement Concrete Res., 79, 373-385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2015.08.009.
  31. Pack, S.W., Jung, M.S., Song, H.W., Kim, S.H. and Ann, K.Y. (2010), "Prediction of time dependent chloride transport in concrete structures exposed to a marine environment", Cement Concrete Res., 40(2), 302-312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2009.09.023.
  32. Papadakis, V.G. and Tsimas, S. (2002), "Supplementary cementing materials in concrete: Part I: Efficiency and design", Cement Concrete Res., 32(10), 1525-1532. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(02)00827-X.
  33. Pour-Ali, S., Dehghanian, C. and Kosari, A. (2015), "Corrosion protection of the reinforcing steels in chloride-laden concrete environment through epoxy/polyaniline-camphorsulfonate nanocomposite coating", Corros. Sci., 90, 239-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2014.10.015.
  34. Ren, Y., Huang, Q., Liu, Q.Y., Sun, J.Z. and Liu, X.L. (2015), "Chloride ion diffusion of structural concrete under the coupled effect of bending fatigue load and chloride", Mater. Res. Innov., 19(1), 181-184. https://doi.org/10.1179/1432891715Z.0000000001400.
  35. Saito, M. and Ishimori, H. (1995), "Chloride permeability of concrete under static and repeated compressive loading", Cement Concrete Res., 25(4), 803-808. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(95)00070-S.
  36. Shekarchi, M., Rafiee, A. and Layssi, H. (2009), "Long-term chloride diffusion in silica fumes concrete in harsh marine climates", Cement Concrete Compos., 31(10), 769-775. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2009.08.005.
  37. Song, H.W., Lee, C.H. and Ann, K.Y. (2008), "Factors influencing chloride transport in concrete structures exposed to marine environments", Cement Concrete Compos., 30(2), 113-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2007.09.005.
  38. Song, Z., Jiang, L. and Li, W. (2016), "Impact of compressive fatigue on chloride diffusion coefficient in OPC concrete: An analysis using EIS method", Constr. Build. Mater., 113, 712-720. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.03.108.
  39. Sun, W., Jiang, J. and Wang, J. (2009), "Resistance to chloride ion diffusion of hpc and hpfrcc under bending fatigue load", Mater. China, 28(11), 19-25.
  40. Taerwe, L. and Matthys, S. (2013), fib Model Code for Concrete Structures 2010, Ernst & Sohn, Wiley, Berlin, Germany.
  41. Van Mien, T., Stitmannaithum, B. and Nawa, T. (2009), "Simulation of chloride penetration into concrete structures subjected to both cyclic flexural loads and tidal effects", Comput. Concrete 6(5), 421-435. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2009.6.5.421.
  42. Van Mien, T., Stitmannaithum, B. and Nawa, T. (2011), "Prediction of chloride diffusion coefficient of concrete under flexural cyclic load", Comput. Concrete, 8(3), 343-355. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2011.8.3.343.
  43. Wang, C., Sun, W. and Jiang, J. (2013), "Transport model of chloride ion in motar under coupling effect of flexural fatigue loading and Chloride salt", J. Chin. Ceram. Soc., 41(2), 180-186. https://doi.org/10.7521/j.issn.0454-5648.2013.02.10.
  44. Xiang, T. and Zhao, R. (2007), "Reliability evaluation of chloride diffusion in fatigue damaged concrete", Eng. Struct., 29(7), 1539-1547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2006.09.002.
  45. Xiao, J. and Wei, J. (1992), "Diffusion mechanism of hydrocarbons in zeolites-I. Theory", Chem. Eng. Sci., 47(5), 1123-1141. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(92)80236-6.
  46. Yan, Y.D., Jin, W.L. and Wang, H.L. (2011), "Chloride ingression in cracked concrete under saturated state", J. Zhejiang Univ., 45(12), 2127-2133. https://doi.org/ 1008-973X (2011) 12-2127-07.
  47. Yang, T., Guan, B. and Liu, G. (2019), "Modeling of chloride ion diffusion in concrete under fatigue loading", KSCE J. Civil Eng., 23(1), 287-294. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-018-0403-1.
  48. Yigiter, H., Yazici, H. and Aydin, S. (2007), "Effects of cement type, water/cement ratio and cement content on sea water resistance of concrete", Build. Environ., 42(4), 1770-1776. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.01.008.
  49. Yun, K.K., Kim, D.H. and Jeong, W.K. (2005), "Comparative study of cumulative damage to pavement concrete under splitting tensile, variable amplitude fatigue loadings", Tran. Res. Rec., 1914(1), 24-33. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198105191400104.
  50. Zhang, W. and Ba, H. (2012), "Effect of ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS) and silica fume (SF) on chloride migration through concrete subjected to repeated loading", SCI China Tech. Sci., 55(11), 3102-3108. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-012-5027-y.
  51. Zhang, W.M. and Ba, H.J. (2013), "Effect of silica fumes addition and repeated loading on chloride diffusion coefficient of concrete", Mater Struct., 46(7), 1183-1191. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-012-9963-6.
  52. Zhang, W.M., Ba, H.J. and Chen, S.J. (2011), "Effect of fly ash and repeated loading on diffusion coefficient in chloride migration test", Constr. Build. Mater., 25(5), 2269-2274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.11.016.
  53. Zhang, W.M., Liu, Y.Z., Xu, H.Z. and Ba, H.J. (2013), "Chloride diffusion coefficient and service life prediction of concrete subjected to repeated loadings", Mag. Concrete Res., 65(3), 185-192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/macr.12.00040.