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A Multi-tier Based Lying Posture Discrimination Algorithm Using Lattice Type Pressure Sensors Allocation

격자형 압력 센서 배치 구조를 이용한 다층 기반 누운 자세 판별 알고리즘

  • Cho, Min Jae (Dept. of Computer Science and Eng., Incheon National University) ;
  • Hong, Youn-Sik (Dept. of Computer Science and Eng., Incheon National University)
  • 조민재 (인천대학교 정보기술대학 컴퓨터공학부) ;
  • 홍윤식 (인천대학교 정보기술대학 컴퓨터공학부)
  • Received : 2019.03.26
  • Accepted : 2019.06.07
  • Published : 2019.06.30

Abstract

Patients with dementia or elderly patients who can not move at all by themselves are at a high risk of falls and bedsore due to lack of caregivers. In this paper, to solve this problem, we propose an algorithm to determine the patient's lying postures by discriminating the main body parts such as head, shoulders, and hips based on the pressure intensity sensed at regular intervals. A smart mat with a lattice structure in which a pressure sensor is arranged so that the body part can be discriminated irrespective of the physical characteristics has been implemented. It consists of two modules of $7{\times}7$ array size. Each module consists of 49 FSR-406 sensors and independently senses pressure. For each module, the body part corresponding to the upper body or the lower body is sequentially discriminated by using a pressure distribution such as a cumulative pressure sum using a filter. The proposed algorithm can identify five lying positions by examining the inclusion relationship between body parts belonging to layer-1 such as head, shoulder, and hip area.

치매 환자나 혼자 힘으로 전혀 움직이지 못하는 노인 환자는 간병 인력 부족으로 낙상 사고 및 욕창 발생 가능성이 매우 크다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 일정 주기마다 감지한 압력 세기를 기준으로 머리, 어깨, 엉덩이 등 주요 신체 부위를 판별하여 환자의 누운 자세를 판별할 수 있는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 신체적 특성에 무관하게 신체 부위 판별이 가능하도록 격자 구조로 압력 센서를 배치한 스마트 매트를 제작하였다. 스마트 매트는 $7{\times}7$ 배열 크기의 2개 모듈을 조합하여 구성하였다. 각 모듈은 모두 49개의 FSR-406 센서로 구성되며 독립적으로 압력을 감지한다. 각 모듈에 대해 필터를 사용한 누적 압력 합 등 압력 분포를 이용해 상체 또는 하체에 해당하는 신체 부위를 순차적으로 판별한다. 제안한 알고리즘은 머리, 어깨, 엉덩이 부위 등 계층-1에 속한 신체 부위간 포함 관계를 조사해 5가지 누운 자세를 판별할 수 있다.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. Basic lying posture

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Fig. 2. The configuration of a smart mat

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Fig. 3. FSR-406 sensor(left) and the single module

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Fig. 4. lying posture discrimination algorithm

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Fig. 5. Extension of search space for finding head

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Fig. 6. Experiment with pillow

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Fig. 7. The pressures distribution with pillow(left) and without pillow(right)

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Fig. 8. various lying postures to be discriminated

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Fig. 9. Experiment Result of 3-axis acceleration sensor (right posture)[6]

Table 1. the threshold and the duration for each tier

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Table 2. the physical characteristics of volunteers

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Table 3. The results of body part discrimination with respect to lying postures

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Table 4. The results of lying posture determination with respect to lying postures

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Table 5. Experiment Result of 3-axis acceleration sensor[6]

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Table 6. the estimation of weight using the average of the cumulative sum of pressures

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