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Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (생화학분자생물학회)
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mTOR signalling pathway - A root cause for idiopathic autism?

  • Ganesan, Harsha (Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University) ;
  • Balasubramanian, Venkatesh (Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University) ;
  • Iyer, Mahalaxmi (Department of Zoology, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women) ;
  • Venugopal, Anila (Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University) ;
  • Subramaniam, Mohana Devi (Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Vision Research Foundation) ;
  • Cho, Ssang-Goo (Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University) ;
  • Vellingiri, Balachandar (Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University)
  • Received : 2019.05.10
  • Published : 2019.07.31
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Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental monogenic disorder with a strong genetic influence. Idiopathic autism could be defined as a type of autism that does not have a specific causative agent. Among signalling cascades, mTOR signalling pathway plays a pivotal role not only in cell cycle, but also in protein synthesis and regulation of brain homeostasis in ASD patients. The present review highlights, underlying mechanism of mTOR and its role in altered signalling cascades as a triggering factor in the onset of idiopathic autism. Further, this review discusses how distorted mTOR signalling pathway stimulates truncated translation in neuronal cells and leads to downregulation of protein synthesis at dendritic spines of the brain. This review concludes by suggesting downstream regulators such as p70S6K, eIF4B, eIF4E of mTOR signalling pathway as promising therapeutic targets for idiopathic autistic individuals.

Keywords

References

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