References
- Liochev SI. Reactive oxygen species and the free radical theory of aging. Free Radic Biol Med 2013;60:1-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.02.011
- Juranek I, Bezek S. Controversy of free radical hypothesis: reactive oxygen species--cause or consequence of tissue injury? Gen Physiol Biophys 2005;24:263-78.
- Bayir H. Reactive oxygen species. Crit Care Med 2005;33:S498-501. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CCM.0000186787.64500.12
- Ray PD, Huang BW, Tsuji Y. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis and redox regulation in cellular signaling. Cell Signal 2012;24:981-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.01.008
- Ott M, Gogvadze V, Orrenius S, Zhivotovsky B. Mitochondria, oxidative stress and cell death. Apoptosis 2007;12:913-22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-007-0756-2
- Siddique YH, Beg T, Afzal M. Protective effect of ascorbic acid against oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Indian J Clin Biochem 2009;24:294-300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-009-0055-5
- Chandra K, Salman AS, Mohd A, Sweety R, Ali KN. Protection against FCA induced oxidative stress induced DNA damage as a model of arthritis and in vitro anti-arthritic potential of Costus speciosus rhizome extract. Inter J Pharm Phytochem Res 2015;7:383-9.
- Gille JJ, Joenje H. Cell culture models for oxidative stress: superoxide and hydrogen peroxide versus normobaric hyperoxia. Mutat Res 1992;275:405-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-8734(92)90043-O
- Spitz DR, Li GC, McCormick ML, Sun Y, Oberley LW. Stable H2O2-resistant variants of Chinese hamster fibroblasts demonstrate increases in catalase activity. Radiat Res 1988;114:114-24. https://doi.org/10.2307/3577149
- Rojkind M, Dominguez-Rosales JA, Nieto N, Greenwel P. Role of hydrogen peroxide and oxidative stress in healing responses. Cell Mol Life Sci 2002;59:1872-91. https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00012511
-
Minghetti L, Polazzi E, Nicolini A, Levi G. Opposite regulation of prostaglandin E2 synthesis by transforming growth
$factor-{\beta}1$ and interleukin 10 in activated microglial cultures. J Neuroimmunol 1998;82:31-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-5728(97)00185-9 - Prajeeth CK, Huehn J, Stangel M. Regulation of neuroinflammatory properties of glial cells by T cell effector molecules. Neural Regen Res 2018;13:234-6. https://doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.226385
- Barnham KJ, Masters CL, Bush AI. Neurodegenerative diseases and oxidative stress. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2004;3:205-14. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd1330
- Beal MF. Mitochondria take center stage in aging and neurodegeneration. Ann Neurol 2005;58:495-505. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.20624
- Loh KP, Huang SH, De Silva R, Tan BK, Zhu YZ. Oxidative stress: apoptosis in neuronal injury. Curr Alzheimer Res 2006;3:327-37. https://doi.org/10.2174/156720506778249515
- Li YZ, Ren S, Yan XT, Li HP, Li W, Zheng B, Wang Z, Liu YY. Improvement of Cisplatin-induced renal dysfunction by Schisandra chinensis stems via anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis effects. J Ethnopharmacol 2018;217:228-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2018.01.033
- Choi YJ, Kim HS, Lee J, Chung J, Lee JS, Choi JS, Yoon TR, Kim HK, Chung HY. Down-regulation of oxidative stress and COX-2 and iNOS expressions by dimethyl lithospermate in aged rat kidney. Arch Pharm Res 2014;37:1032-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12272-014-0332-6
- Kumamoto H, Ooya K. Immunohistochemical detection of phosphorylated JNK, p38 MAPK, and ERK5 in ameloblastic tumors. J Oral Pathol Med 2007;36:543-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.2007.00555.x
- Wu XF, Zhang M, Bhandari B, Li Z. Effects of microwave-assisted pulse-spouted bed freeze-drying (MPSFD) on volatile compounds and structural aspects of Cordyceps militaris. J Sci Food Agric 2018;98:4634-43. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.8993
- Huang SJ, Huang FK, Li YS, Tsai SY. The quality improvement of solid-state fermentation with Cordyceps militaris by UVB irradiation. Food Technol Biotechnol 2017;55:445-53.
- Das SK, Masuda M, Sakurai A, Sakakibara M. Medicinal uses of the mushroom Cordyceps militaris: current state and prospects. Fitoterapia 2010;81:961-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2010.07.010
- Chu HL, Chien JC, Duh PD. Protective effect of Cordyceps militaris against high glucose-induced oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Food Chem 2011;129:871-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.05.037
- Ng TB, Wang HX. Pharmacological actions of Cordyceps, a prized folk medicine. J Pharm Pharmacol 2005;57:1509-19. https://doi.org/10.1211/jpp.57.12.0001
- Ramesh T, Yoo SK, Kim SW, Hwang SY, Sohn SH, Kim IW, Kim SK. Cordycepin (3'-deoxyadenosine) attenuates age-related oxidative stress and ameliorates antioxidant capacity in rats. Exp Gerontol 2012;47:979-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2012.09.003
- Bawadekji A, Al Ali K, Al Ali M. A review of the bioactive compound and medicinal value of Cordyceps militaris. J North Basic Appl Sci 2016;347:1-3.
- Li XT, Li HC, Li CB, Dou DQ, Gao MB. Protective effects on mitochondria and anti-aging activity of polysaccharides from cultivated fruiting bodies of Cordyceps militaris. Am J Chin Med 2010;38:1093-106. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X10008494
- Lin R, Liu H, Wu S, Pang L, Jia M, Fan K, Jia S, Jia L. Production and in vitro antioxidant activity of exopolysaccharide by a mutant, Cordyceps militaris SU5-08. Int J Biol Macromol 2012;51:153-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.04.011
- Park JM, Lee JS, Lee KR, Ha SJ, Hong EK. Cordyceps militaris extract protects human dermal fibroblasts against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and premature senescence. Nutrients 2014;6:3711-26. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu6093711
- Hatano T, Edamatsu R, Hiramatsu M, Mori A, Fujita Y, Yasuhara T, Yoshida T, Okuda T. Effects of the interaction of tannins with co-existing substances. VI.: effects of tannins and related polyphenols on superoxide anion radical, and on 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1989;37:2016-21. https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.37.2016
- Chung SK, Osawa T, Kawakishi S. Hydroxyl radical-scavenging effects of spices and scavengers from brown mustard (Brassica nigra). Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 1997;61:118-23. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.61.118
- Marcocci L, Maguire JJ, Droy-Lefaix MT, Packer L. The nitric oxide-scavenging properties of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1994;201:748-55. https://doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1994.1764
- Mosmann T. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. J Immunol Methods 1983;65:55-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(83)90303-4
-
Ma WW, Hou CC, Zhou X, Yu HL, Xi YD, Ding J, Zhao X, Xiao R. Genistein alleviates the mitochondria-targeted DNA damage induced by
${\beta}$ -amyloid peptides 25-35 in C6 glioma cells. Neurochem Res 2013;38:1315-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-013-1019-y - Blois MS. Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature 1958;181:1199-200. https://doi.org/10.1038/1811199a0
- Hayyan M, Hashim MA, AlNashef IM. Superoxide ion: generation and chemical implications. Chem Rev 2016;116:3029-85. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00407
- Patel Rajesh M, Patel Natvar J. In vitro antioxidant activity of coumarin compounds by DPPH, Superoxide and nitric oxide free radical scavenging methods. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2011;1:52-68.
- Aruoma OI. Free radicals, oxidative stress, and antioxidants in human health and disease. J Am Oil Chem Soc 1998;75:199-212. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-998-0032-9
- Valko M, Leibfritz D, Moncol J, Cronin MT, Mazur M, Telser J. Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2007;39:44-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2006.07.001
- Apel K, Hirt H. Reactive oxygen species: metabolism, oxidative stress, and signal transduction. Annu Rev Plant Biol 2004;55:373-99. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.55.031903.141701
- Dong CH, Yang T, Lian T. A comparative study of the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities of methanol extracts from fruit bodies and fermented mycelia of caterpillar medicinal mushroom Cordyceps militaris (Ascomycetes). Int J Med Mushrooms 2014;16:485-95. https://doi.org/10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.v16.i5.70
- Jessen KR, Mirsky R. Glial cells in the enteric nervous system contain glial fibrillary acidic protein. Nature 1980;286:736-7. https://doi.org/10.1038/286736a0
- Sadigh-Eteghad S, Majdi A, Mahmoudi J, Golzari SE, Talebi M. Astrocytic and microglial nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: an overlooked issue in Alzheimer's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2016;123:1359-67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-016-1580-z
- Choi EO, Jeong JW, Park C, Hong SH, Kim GY, Hwang HJ, Cho EJ, Choi YH. Baicalein protects C6 glial cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis through regulation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2016;37:798-806. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2016.2460
- Valori CF, Brambilla L, Martorana F, Rossi D. The multifaceted role of glial cells in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014;71:287-97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-013-1429-7
- Puves D, Augustine GJ, Fitzpatrick D, Hall WC, LaMantia AS, White LE. Neuroscience. 5th ed. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates, Inc.;2012. p.560-80.
- McGeer PL, McGeer EG. Glial cell reactions in neurodegenerative diseases: pathophysiology and therapeutic interventions. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 1998;12 Suppl 2:S1-6. https://doi.org/10.1097/00002093-199803000-00001
- Yu H, Liu Z, Zhou H, Dai W, Chen S, Shu Y, Feng J. JAK-STAT pathway modulates the roles of iNOS and COX-2 in the cytoprotection of early phase of hydrogen peroxide preconditioning against apoptosis induced by oxidative stress. Neurosci Lett 2012;529:166-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2012.09.013
- Minghetti L. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in inflammatory and degenerative brain diseases. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2004;63:901-10. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnen/63.9.901
- Landino LM, Crews BC, Timmons MD, Morrow JD, Marnett LJ. Peroxynitrite, the coupling product of nitric oxide and superoxide, activates prostaglandin biosynthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996;93:15069-74. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.26.15069
- Xie Z, Smith CJ, Van Eldik LJ. Activated glia induce neuron death via MAP kinase signaling pathways involving JNK and p38. Glia 2004;45:170-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/glia.10314
- Kwon SH, Kim JA, Hong SI, Jung YH, Kim HC, Lee SY, Jang CG. Loganin protects against hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis by inhibiting phosphorylation of JNK, p38, and ERK 1/2 MAPKs in SH-SY5Y cells. Neurochem Int 2011;58:533-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuint.2011.01.012
-
Choi YH, Kim GY, Lee HH. Anti-inflammatory effects of cordycepin in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages through Toll-like receptor 4-mediated suppression of mitogen-activated protein kinases and
$NF-{\kappa}B$ signaling pathways. Drug Des Devel Ther 2014;8:1941-53. https://doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S71957 - Shin JW, Seol IC, Son CG. Interpretation of animal dose and human equivalent dose for drug development. J Korean Orient Med 2010;31:1-7.
Cited by
- Sweet Cherry Byproducts Processed by Green Extraction Techniques as a Source of Bioactive Compounds with Antiaging Properties vol.9, pp.5, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9050418
- Hexarelin Modulation of MAPK and PI3K/Akt Pathways in Neuro-2A Cells Inhibits Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Apoptotic Toxicity vol.14, pp.5, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3390/ph14050444