Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology

Korean Society of Dairy Science and Biotechnology (한국낙농식품응용생물학회)
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Human Milk Microbiota: A Review

모유 미생물총에 대한 고찰

  • Lee, Ju-Eun (Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Kim, Geun-Bae (Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University)
  • 이주은 (중앙대학교 동물생명공학과) ;
  • 김근배 (중앙대학교 동물생명공학과)
  • Received : 2019.03.11
  • Accepted : 2019.03.12
  • Published : 2019.03.31
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Abstract

A common belief is that human milk is sterile. However, the development of culture-independent molecular methods, especially Next Generation Sequencing, has revealed that human milk harbors diverse and rich bacterial communities. Although studies aimed at characterizing the microbiota of human milk have produced different findings, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus are presumed to be normal members of the microbiota. Factors that influence variation in the microbiota are unclear; however, the postpartum time, route of delivery, maternal obesity, and health status may be influential. The origin of the microbiota is a hotly debated topic. Human milk bacteria are thought to be introduced through bacterial exposure of the mammary duct during breast feeding and/or the entero-mammary pathway from the maternal gastrointestinal tract. Although the exact mechanism related to the entero-mammary pathway is unknown, it is presumed that bacteria penetrate the intestinal epithelium and then migrate to the mammary gland, dendritic cells, and macrophages. In this review, various relevant studies are introduced.

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