Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety (해양환경안전학회지)

The Korean Society of Marine Environment and safety (해양환경안전학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Text Mining Analysis Technique on ECDIS Accident Report

텍스트 마이닝 기법을 활용한 ECDIS 사고보고서 분석

  • Lee, Jeong-Seok (Graduate School of Korea Maritime and Ocean University) ;
  • Lee, Bo-Kyeong (Department of Ship Operation, Korea Maritime and Ocean University) ;
  • Cho, Ik-Soon (Department of Ship Operation, Korea Maritime and Ocean University)
  • 이정석 (한국해양대학교 대학원) ;
  • 이보경 (한국해양대학교 선박운항과) ;
  • 조익순 (한국해양대학교 선박운항과)
  • Received : 2019.03.08
  • Accepted : 2019.06.07
  • Published : 2019.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

SOLAS requires that ECDIS be installed on ships of more than 500 gross tonnage engaged in international navigation until the first inspection arriving after July 1, 2018. Several accidents related to the use of ECDIS have occurred with its installation as a new major navigation instrument. The 12 incident reports issued by MAIB, BSU, BEAmer, DMAIB, and DSB were analyzed, and the cause of accident was determined to be related to the operation of the navigator and the ECDIS system. The text was analyzed using the R-program to quantitatively analyze words related to the cause of the accident. We used text mining techniques such as Wordcloud, Wordnetwork and Wordweight to represent the importance of words according to their frequency of derivation. Wordcloud uses the N-gram model as a way of expressing the frequency of used words in cloud form. As a result of the uni-gram analysis of the N-gram model, ECDIS words were obtained the most, and the bi-gram analysis results showed that the word "Safety Contour" was used most frequently. Based on the bi-gram analysis, the causative words are classified into the officer and the ECDIS system, and the related words are represented by Wordnetwork. Finally, the related words with the of icer and the ECDIS system were composed of word corpus, and Wordweight was applied to analyze the change in corpus frequency by year. As a result of analyzing the tendency of corpus variation with the trend line graph, more recently, the corpus of the officer has decreased, and conversely, the corpus of the ECDIS system is gradually increasing.

SOLAS에서는 국제 항해에 종사하는 총톤수 500톤 이상의 선박에 대하여 2018년 7월 1일 이후 도래하는 최초 검사까지 ECDIS를 설치해야 한다고 규정하고 있다. 새로운 주요 항해 장비로 ECDIS가 탑재되면서 ECDIS 사용에 관련한 다양한 사고가 발생하고 있다. MAIB, BSU, BEAmer, DMAIB, DSB에서 발행한 12가지의 사고보고서에는 항해사의 운용 미숙과 ECDS 시스템의 사고 원인으로 분석하였고, 사고 원인과 관련된 단어들을 정량적으로 분석하기 위해 R-프로그램을 사용하여 텍스트를 분석하였다. 도출 빈도에 따른 단어의 중요도를 나타내기 위해 텍스트 마이닝 기법인 단어 구름, 단어 연관성, 단어 가중치의 방법을 사용하였다. 단어 구름은 사용된 단어들의 빈도수를 구름 형태로 나타내는 방법으로써 N-gram 모델을 적용하였다. N-gram 모델 중 Uni-gram 분석 결과 ECDIS 단어, Bi-gram 분석 결과는 Safety Contour 단어의 사용 빈도가 가장 많았다. Bi-gram 분석을 기반으로 사고 원인 단어를 항해사와 ECDIS 시스템으로 구분하고, 연관된 단어들을 단어 연관성으로 나타내었다. 마지막으로 항해사와 ECDIS 시스템에 연관된 단어들을 단어 말뭉치로 구성한 후 단어 가중치를 적용하여 연도별 말뭉치 빈도 변화를 분석하였다. 추세선 그래프로 말뭉치 변화 경향을 분석한 결과, 항해사 말뭉치는 최근으로 올수록 감소하였으며 반대로 ECDIS 시스템 말뭉치는 점점 증가함을 나타내었다.

Keywords

References

  1. BEAmer(2010), Stranding of the chemical tanker vessel SICHEM OSPREY on 10 February 2010 on Clipperton Island, pp. 1-30.
  2. BSU(2009), Grounding of the LT CORTESIA on 2 January 2008 on the Varne Bank in the English Channel, Investigation Report 01/08, pp. 1-53.
  3. BSU(2011), Grounding of the MV BELUGA REVOLUTION off ENUS(Tench) Island in the South Seas on 30 April 2010, Investigation Report 174/10, pp. 1-30.
  4. Cho, I. S., D. H. Kim and B. K. Lee(2017), Understanding and operating ECDIS for navigators, KeNiT PRESS, pp. 1-365.
  5. Christoper, D. M., P. Raghava and H. Schutze(2008), Introduction to information retrieval, Cambridge University Press 2008, pp. 100-123.
  6. DMAIB(2013), Marine Accident Report March 2013, VEGA SAGITTARIUS Grounding on 16 August 2012, pp. 1-17.
  7. DSB(2017), DUTCH SAFETY BOARD, Digital navigation old skills in new technology Lessons from the grounding of the Nova Cura, pp. 1-41.
  8. IMO(1974). International Convention for the Safety Life at Sea.
  9. IMO(2009). Report of the Maritime Safety Committee on its Eighty-Sixth Session, Maritime Safety Committee, 86th session, Agenda item 5, Annex 2.9-2.11.
  10. Jurafsky, D. and J. H. Martin(2018), Speech and Language Processing, N-gram Language Models, Chapter 3, pp. 2-9.
  11. Kang, S. Y., K. S. Kim, H. B. Kim and B. S. Rho(2018), An Analysis of Causes of Marine Incidents at sea Using Big Data Technique, Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety, Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 408-414. https://doi.org/10.7837/kosomes.2018.24.4.408
  12. Landis, J. R. and G. G. Koch(1977), An application of hierarchical kappa-type statistics in the assessment of majority agreement among multiple observers, Biometrics33(2), pp. 363-374. https://doi.org/10.2307/2529786
  13. Lee, B. K., D. H. Kim, S. D. Lee and I. S. Cho(2016), A Study on Advanced Seafarers' Training for Improving Abilities of Officers in Charge of a Navigational Watch who Handle Navigational Equipment : To Focus on the ECDIS, Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 332-333.
  14. Lee, B. K.(2018), Usability Test and Investigation of Improvements of the ECDIS, Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety, Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 146-156. https://doi.org/10.7837/kosomes.2018.24.2.146
  15. Lee, G. S., H. Y. Cho and J. R. Han(2018), Text Mining Analysis on the Research Field of the Coastal and Ocean Engineering Based on the SCOPUS Bibliographic Information, Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers 30(1), pp. 19-28. https://doi.org/10.9765/KSCOE.2018.30.1.19
  16. MAIB(2008), Report on the investigation of the grounding of CFL Performer Haisborough Sand North Sea 12 May 2008, pp. 1-28.
  17. MAIB(2009), Report on the investigation into the grounding of Pride of Canterbury "The Downs"-off Deal, Kent 31 January 2008, pp. 1-22.
  18. MAIB(2012), Grounding of CSL THAME in the Sound of Mull 9 August 2011, pp. 1-8.
  19. MAIB(2014), Report on the investigation of the grounding of Ovit in the Dover Strait on 18 September 2013, pp. 1-94.
  20. MAIB(2015), Report on the investigation of the grounding and flooding of the ro-ro ferry Commodore Clipper in the approaches to St Peter Port, Guernsey on 14 July 2014, pp. 1-68.
  21. MAIB(2016), Report on the investigation of the grounding of the cruise ship Hamburg in the Sound of Mull, Scotland 11 May 2015, pp. 1-56.
  22. MAIB(2017), Report on the investigation of the grounding Muros Haisborough Sand North Sea 3 December 2016, pp. 1-33.
  23. Oh, S. J., C. J Hwang, B. K. Kim, H. Y. Jung and H. Y. Chung(2001), A Study on Pseudo N-gram Language Models for Speech Recognition, Journal of the institute of signal processing and systems, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 16-23.
  24. Song, J. Y.(2017), The comparative study on the performance of n-gram by change of the number of words based on characteristic of Korean language, The Graduate School of Ewha Womans University, pp. 13-18.

Cited by

  1. 텍스트 마이닝 기법을 활용한 설문 문항 개선에 관한 연구 vol.26, pp.2, 2020, https://doi.org/10.7837/kosomes.2020.26.2.121