References
- Ming, Y., Jeremy, B., Jonathan, W.M. and Ambikaipakan, S. (2013) Occupational pesticide exposures and respiratory health. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 10, 6442-6471. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10126442
- Shin, H.J., Cho, H.G., Park, C.K., Park, K.H. and Lim, H.B. (2017) Comparative in vitro biological toxicity of four kinds of air pollution particles. Toxicol. Res., 33, 305-313. https://doi.org/10.5487/TR.2017.33.4.305
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Database on Pesticides Consumption [accessed 2013 Nov 15]. Available from: http://www.fao.org/waicent/FAOINFO/economic/pesticid.htm/.
- Clark, J.M. and Symington S.B. (2007) Pyrethroid action on calcium channels. Neurotoxicological implications. Invert. Neurosci., 7, 3-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10158-006-0038-7
- Nagata, K., Song, J.H., Shono, T. and Narahashi T. (1998) Modulation of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-channel by the nitromethylene heterocycle imidacloprid. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 285, 731-738.
- Abdallah, F., Fetoui, H., Fakhfakh, F. and Keskes, L. (2012) Caffeic acid and quercetin protect erythrocytes against the oxidative stress and the genotoxic effects of lambda-cyhalothrin in vitro. Hum. Exp. Toxicol., 31, 92-100. https://doi.org/10.1177/0960327111424303
- El-Demerdash, F.M. (2007) Lambda-cyhalothrin-induced changes in oxidative stress biomarkers in rabbit erythrocytes and alleviation effect of some antioxidants. Toxicol. In Vitro, 21, 392-397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2006.09.019
- Fetoui, H., Garoui, E.M., Makni-ayadi, F. and Zeghal, N. (2008) Oxidative stress induced by lambda-cyhalothrin in rat erythrocytes and brain: attenuation by vitamin C. Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 26, 225-231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2008.04.002
- Fetoui, H., Garoui, E.M. and Zeghal, E. (2009) Lambda-cyhalothrin-induced biochemical and histopathological changes in the liver of rats: ameliorative effect of ascorbic acid. Exp. Toxicol. Pathol., 61, 189-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etp.2008.08.002
- Fetoui, H., Makni, M., Garouiel, M. and Zeghal, N. (2010) Toxic effects of lambda-cyhalothrin, a synthetic pyrethroid pesticide, on the rat kidney: involvement of oxidative stress and protective role of ascorbic acid. Exp. Toxicol. Pathol., 62, 593-599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etp.2009.08.004
- Mohany, M., Badr, G., Refaat, I. and El-Feki, M. (2011) Immunological and histological effects of exposure to imidacloprid insecticide in male albino rats. Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 5, 2106-2114. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPP11.625
- Tuzmen, N., Candan, N., Kays, E. and Demiryas, N. (2008) Biochemical effects of chlorpyrifos and deltamethrin on altered antioxidativedefense mechanisms and lipid peroxidation in rat liver. Cell Biochem. Funct., 26, 119-124. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbf.1411
- El-Demerdash, F.M. (2011) Oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity induced by synthetic pyrethroids-organophosphate insecticides mixture in rat. J. Environ. Sci. Health C Environ. Carcinog. Ecotoxicol. Rev., 29, 145-158. https://doi.org/10.1080/10590501.2011.577679
- El-Demerdash, F.M. (2012) Cytotoxic effect of fenitrothion and lambda-cyhalothrin mixture on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system in rat kidney. J. Environ. Sci. Health B, 47, 262-268. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2012.636589
- Tukhtaev, K., Tulemetov, S., Zokirova, N. and Tukhtaev, N. (2012) Effect of long term exposure of low doses of lambda-cyhalothrin on the level of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes of the pregnant rats and their offspring. Med. Health Sci. J., 13, 93-98. https://doi.org/10.15208/mhsj.2012.67
- Marklund, S. and Marklund, G. (1974) Involvement of the superoxide anion radical in the autooxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase. Eur. J. Biochem., 47, 469-474. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1974.tb03714.x
- Aebi, H. (1984) Catalase in vitro. Enzymology, 105, 121-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0076-6879(84)05016-3
- Wendel, A. (1980) Enzymatic Bases of Detoxification. Academic press. 1, 333.
- Moron, M.S., Depierre, J.W. and Mennervik, B. (1979) Levels of glutathione, glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase activities in rat lung and liver. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 582, 67-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4165(79)90289-7
- Mavis, R.D. and Stellwagen, E. (1968) Purification and subunit structure of glutathione reductase from Bakers' yeast. J. Biol. Chem., 243, 809-814. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(19)81737-4
- Ohkawa, H., Ohishi, N. and Yagi, K. (1979) Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal. Biochem., 95, 351-358. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(79)90738-3
- Lowry, O.H., Rosebrough, N.J., Farr, A.L. and Randal, R.J. (1951) Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem., 193, 265-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(19)52451-6
- Lobin, K.K., Jaunky, V.C. and Ramesh, V. (2017) A review of pesticide use in EU and African countries and associated polices in Proceedings of 120th The IIER International Conference (2017 Sep 15-16). Port Louis, Mauritius.
- Kimengsi, J.N. and Muluh, N.G. (2013) A comparative assessment of the effect of climate variations on the crops of the Cameroon development corporation (CDC): adaptation options. Env. Nat. Res. Research, 3, 144-156.
- Brice, K.N., Patricia, A.F., Norbert, N.T. and Mpoame, M. (2017) Environmental and human health assessment in relation to pesticide use by local farmers and the Cameroon development corporation (cdc), Fako division, South-west cameroon. Eur. Sci. J., 13, 454-473.
- Gesesew, H.A., Woldemichael, K., Massa, D. and Mwanri, L. (2016) farmers knowledge, attitudes, practices and health problems associated with pesticide use in rural irrigation villages, Southwest Ethiopia. PLoS ONE, 11, e0162527. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0162527
- Damalas, C.A. and Koutroubas S.D. (2016) Farmers' exposure to pesticides: toxicity types and ways of prevention. Toxics, 4, 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics4010001
- Balani, T., Agrawal, S. and Thaker, A.M. (2011) Hematological and biochemical changes due to short-term oral administration of imidacloprid. Toxicol. Int., 18, 2-4. https://doi.org/10.4103/0971-6580.75843
- El-Gendy, K.S., Aly, N.M., Mahmoud, F.H., Kenawy, A. and El-Sebae, A.K. (2010) The role of vitamin C as antioxidant in protection of oxidative stress induced by imidacloprid. Food Chem. Toxicol., 48, 215-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2009.10.003
- Kapoor, U., Srivastava, M.K., Bhardwaj, S. and Srivastava, L.P. (2010) Effect of imidacloprid on antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in female rats to derive its No Observed Effect Level (NOEL). J. Toxicol. Sci., 35, 577-581. https://doi.org/10.2131/jts.35.577
- Ahmed, M.M. and Zaki, N.I. (2009) Assessment the ameliorative effect of pomegranate and rutin on chlorpyrifos-ethyl-induced oxidative stress in rats. Nature and Science, 7, 49-61.
- Bas, H. and Kalender, Y. (2011) Chlorpyrifos induced cardiotoxicity in rats and the protective role of quercetin and catechin. GUJS, 24, 387-395.
- Gultekin, F., Delibas, N., Yasar, S. and Kiline, I. (2001) In vivo changes in antioxidant systems and protective role of melatonin and a combination of vitamin C and vitamin E on oxidative damage in erythrocytes induced by chlorpyrifos-ethyl in rats. Arch. Toxicol., 75, 88-96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002040100219
- Oncu, M., Gultekin, F., Karaoz, E., Altuntas, I. and Delibas, N. (2002) Nephrotoxicity in rats induced by chlorpyrifos-ethyl and ameliorating effects of antioxidants. Hum. Exp. Toxicol., 21, 223-230. https://doi.org/10.1191/0960327102ht225oa
- Verma, R.S. and Srivastava, N. (2001) Chlorpyrifos induced alterations in levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and glutathione in rat brain. Indian J. Exp. Biol., 39, 174-177.
- Gopinath, G., Uvarajan, S. and Tamizselvi, A. (2014) Chlorpyrifos-induced oxidative stress and tissue damage in the liver of Swiss albino mice: the protective antioxidative role of root extract of withania somnifera. IJIRST, 1, 100-104.
- Soujanya, S., Lakshman, M., Anand, K.A. and Gopala, R.A. (2013) Evaluation of the protective role of vitamin C in imidacloprid- induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats. J. Nat. Sci. Biol. Med., 4, 63-67. https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-9668.107262
- Verma, R.S., Mehta, A. and Srivastava, N. (2007) In vivo chlorpyrifos induced oxidative stress: attenuation by antioxidant vitamins. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol., 88, 191-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2006.11.002
- Trevisan, M., Browne, R., Ram, M., Muti, P., Freudenheim, J., Carosella, A.M. and Armstrong, D. (2001) Correlates of markers of oxidative status in the general population. Am. J. Epidemiol., 154, 348-356. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/154.4.348