대한지역사회영양학회지 (Korean Journal of Community Nutrition)

대한지역사회영양학회 (The Korean Society of Community Nutrition)
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국민건강영양조사(2013-2014년) 자료에 근거한 가구원수별 구성원의 영양상태 및 대사증후군 유병율 평가

Evaluation of the Nutrition Status and Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence of the Members according to the Number of Household Members based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2014)

  • 이진영 (영남대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 최수경 (대구광역시 동구 어린이급식관리지원센터) ;
  • 서정숙 (영남대학교 식품영양학과)
  • 투고 : 2019.06.05
  • 심사 : 2019.06.25
  • 발행 : 2019.06.30
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초록

본 연구는 제 6기 국민건강영양조사(2013~2014년) 자료를 이용하여 19세 이상 성인의 가구원수별 가구원의 영양섭취 및 대사증후군 구성요소의 분포와 대사증후군 유병율을 분석하였다. 본 연구결과에서 식생활 및 영양섭취상태, 대사증후군 발생은 가구원수에 따라 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 건강관련 삶의 질을 종합적으로 제시하는 지표인 EQ-5D 지수는 1인 가구에서 0.879, 2인 가구 0.927, 3인 이상 가구에서는 0.934로 1인 가구에서 가장 낮은 삶의 질 지수를 나타냈고 2인 및 3인 이상 가구와는 유의적인 차이를 나타내었다(p<0.001). INQ 값이 1 미만인 영양소는 조섬유, 칼슘, 칼륨, 리보플라빈, 비타민 C로 권장량을 충족하지 못하는 것으로 나타났으며 가구원수별로 유의적인 차이를 나타내었다(p<0.001). 1인 가구에서 단백질, 조섬유, 칼슘, 인, 칼륨, 비타민 A, 티아민, 리보플라빈, 나이아신, 비타민 C의 INQ는 2인 및 3인 이상 가구에 비해 낮은 것으로 나타나 1인 가구의 영양섭취가 질적으로 좋지 않은 것으로 분석되었다. 식사의 전반적인 질을 나타내는 MAR은 1인 가구 0.78, 2인 가구 0.83, 3인 이상 가구 0.82로 나타나 1인 가구가 2인 가구, 3인 이상 가구와 비교할 때 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다(p<0.001). 1인 가구 대상자의 37.2%가 대사증후군을 나타내었고 2인 가구 35.1%, 3인 이상 가구에서는 25.8%로서 가구원수별로 유의적인 차이가 있었다(p<0.001). 본 연구에서는 전국 규모의 대표성을 지닌 국가조사인 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여 1인 가구의 식생활 및 영양섭취상태를 분석하여 그 특성을 파악하였다. 최근 1인 가구가 크게 증가되고 가구원수가 다양화되는 시점에서 가구원수별 구성원의 영양섭취에 대한 특성을 분석하여 제시한 것은 가정의 형태와 환경 변화에 적합한 맞춤형 식생활 교육의 근거로 활용할 수 있는 의의가 있으리라 사료된다.

Objectives: This study evaluated the nutritional status and prevalence of metabolic syndrome of the people who participated in the KNHANES according to the number of household members. They were assessed by using information from the 2013~2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Methods: A total of 6,088 persons aged 19 years and over participated in 2013~2014 KNHANES, and they were classified into three groups according to the number of household members (single-person, two-person, three-person & over). The dietary behavior, nutritional status, health-related factors and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome of the subjects were investigated with using information from the survey questionnaires of KNHANES. The nutrient intake data of the subjects were obtained by the 24-hour recall method and this was analyzed for evaluating the nutrition adequacy ratio and the index of nutritional quality. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among the subjects, and according to the study groups, was estimated using the blood and physical measurement data of the subjects. Results: As for EQ-5D index available for all the health states generated by the EQ-5D descriptive system, the single-person household member was the lowest among all the household types. The index of nutrition quality for protein, crude fiber, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, riboflavin and vitamin C in the single-person household was lower than that of the two-person or the three-person and over households (p<0.001). The mean adequacy ratio of single-person households was significantly decreased compared with that of the other types of households (p<0.001). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was higher in the single-person households than that in the multiple-person households (p<0.001). Conclusions: These results showed that dietary behaviors, nutrition status and health status might be influenced by the number of household members. The results from this study would be useful for improving Korean people's dietary life and health status by implementing evidence-based, specialized intervention for the members of diverse types of households.

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