Ocean and Polar Research

Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (한국해양과학기술원)
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Manganese in Seawaters of the Amundsen Sea, Antarctic

남극 아문젠해에서 해수 중 Mn의 분포 특성

  • Jang, Dongjun (Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Choi, Mansik (Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Park, Jongkyu (Geosystem Research Corporation) ;
  • Park, Kyungkyu (Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Hong, Jinsol (Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Lee, Sanghoon (Korea Polar Research Institute) ;
  • Jung, Jinyoung (Korea Polar Research Institute)
  • 장동준 (충남대학교 해양환경과학과) ;
  • 최만식 (충남대학교 해양환경과학과) ;
  • 박종규 ((주)지오시스템리서치) ;
  • 박경규 (충남대학교 해양환경과학과) ;
  • 홍진솔 (충남대학교 해양환경과학과) ;
  • 이상훈 (한국해양과학기술원 부설 극지연구소) ;
  • 정진영 (한국해양과학기술원 부설 극지연구소)
  • Received : 2019.04.17
  • Accepted : 2019.06.07
  • Published : 2019.06.30
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Abstract

In order to investigate the behavior and seasonal variability of Mn as one of the bio-essential metals in the Amundsen sea, which is known as the most biologically productive coastal area around the Antartica, seawaters were collected using a clean sampling system for 10 stations (96 ea) in 2014 (ANA04B) and for 12 stations (139 ea) in 2016 (ANA06B) surveys of RV ARAON. Dissolved and particulate Mn concentration varied in the range of 0.15-4.43 nmol/kg and <0.01 to 2.42 nM in 2014 and in the range of 0.25-4.15 nmol/kg and 0.01-2.64 nM in 2016, respectively. From the sectional distribution of dissolved and particulate Mn, it might be suggested that dissolved/particulate Mn was provided from iceberg melting and diffusion/resuspension from sediments, respectively. Although this sea is highly productive, there was little evidence regarding the biological origin of dissolved Mn, but particulate Mn only in sea ice and offshore areas could be explained as originating from organic matters, e.g. phytoplanktons. And it could be suggested that the subsurface maximum of dissolved Mn was formed by isopycnal transport of melting materials from ice wall to offshore. Compared to early (2014) summer, temperature, salinity, biomass, dissolved and particulate Mn in late (2016) summer indicated that temporal variations might be resulted from the reduction of ice melting and mCDW flow, which induced a reduction in resuspension. In addition, in the late summer, particles including biomass were reduced, which brought about a reduction in the removal rate of dissolved Mn.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. Amundsen Sea with sampling stations in 2014 (ANA04B, upper) and 2016 (ANA06B, lower)

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Fig. 2. Section views of sigma-t, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and fluorescence in 2014 (ANA04B; a), c), e), g), i)) and 2016 (ANA06B; b), d), f), h), j))

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Fig. 3. Sectional views of dissolved Mn and particulate Mn, Al and P in 2014 (ANA04B; a), c), e), g)) and 2016 (ANA06B; b), d), f), h)). Sigma-t contour was depicted in the sectional view of dissolved Mn (a)

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Fig. 4. Variation of dissolved (left) and particulate (right) Mn concentration from ice shelf to open ocean

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Fig. 5. Interrelationship between particulate Mn and Al concentrations in deep water. Crustal and sediment abundance ratios for Mn and Al were presented in the line

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Fig. 6. Interrelationships between dissolved Mn and nutrients (phosphate (a), silicate (b), and nitrate (c)) in deep water samples which were divided into three regions. For the samples in the polynya area, linear regressed lines were depicted with correlation coefficients

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Fig. 7. Relationships between dissolved Mn and phosphate concentrations, and between biogenic particulate Mn and particulate phosphorus concentrations in AASW divided into three regions

Table 1. Inventories of depth integrated chlorophyll-a at each station

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Table 2. Comparison of dissolved and particulate Mn concentrations in coastal seas around the Antarctic

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