Geomechanics and Engineering

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Consideration of locked-in stresses during backfill preparation

  • Received : 2018.08.17
  • Accepted : 2019.05.30
  • Published : 2019.06.30
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Soil strength and failure surface geometry directly influence magnitudes of passive earth thrust acting on geotechnical retaining structures. Accordingly, it is expected that as long as the shape of the failure surface geometry and strength parameters of the backfill are known, magnitudes of computed passive earth thrusts should be highly accurate. Building on this premise, this study adopts conventional method of slices for calculating passive earth thrust and combines it with equations for estimating failure surface geometries based on in-situ stress state and density. Accuracy of the proposed method is checked using the results obtained from small-scale physical retaining wall model tests. In these model tests, backfill was prepared using either air pluviation or compaction and different backfill relative densities were used in each test. When the calculated passive earth thrust magnitudes were compared with the measured values, it was noticed that the results were highly compatible for the tests with pluviated backfills. On the other hand, calculated thrust magnitudes significantly underestimated the measured thrust magnitudes for those tests with compacted backfills. Based on this observation, a new approach for the calculation of passive earth pressures is developed. The proposed approach calculates the magnitude and considers the influence of locked-in stresses that are the by-products of the backfill preparation method in the computation of lateral earth forces. Finally, recommendations are given for any geotechnical application involving the compaction of granular bodies that are equally applicable to physical modelling studies and field construction problems.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : The Scientific and Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)

References

  1. Altunbas, A. (2014), "Influence of dilatancy on slip planes and on localization of strains", Ph.D. Dissertation; Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey.
  2. Altunbas, A., Soltanbeigi, B. and Cinicioglu, O. (2017), "Determination of active failure surface geometry for cohesionless backfills", Geomech. Eng., 12(6), 983-1001. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2017.12.6.983.
  3. Anil, O., Akbas, S.O., Babagiray, S., Gel, A.C. and Durucan, C. (2017), "Experimental and finite element analyses of footings of varying shapes on sand", Geomech. Eng., 12(2), 223-238. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2017.12.2.223.
  4. Bolton, M.D. (1986), "The strength and dilatancy of sands", Geotechnique, 36(1), 65-78. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1986.36.1.65
  5. Broms, B. (1971), "Lateral earth pressure due to compaction of cohesionless soils", Proceedings of the 4th Internatinal Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Budapest, Hungary, October.
  6. Chakraborty, T. and Salgado, R. (2009), "Dilatancy and shear strength behavior of sand at low confining pressures", Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering: The Academia and Practice of Geotechnical Engineering, Alexandrie, Egypt, October.
  7. Chen, T.J. and Fang, Y.S. (2008), "Earth pressure due to vibratory compaction", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 134(4), 437-444. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2008)134:4(437).
  8. Cho, G.C., Dodds, J. and Santamarina, J.C. (2006), "Particle shape effects on packing density, stiffness, and strength: natural and crushed sands", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 132(5), 591-602. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2006)132:5(591).
  9. Cho, H.I., Sun, C.G., Kim, J.H. and Kim D.S. (2018), "OCR evaluation of cohesionless soil in centrifuge model using shear wave velocity", Geomech. Eng., 15(4), 987-995. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2018.15.4.987.
  10. Cinicioglu, O. and Abadkon, A. (2015), "Dilatancy and friction angles based on in situ soil conditions", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 141(4), 06014019. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001272.
  11. Duncan, J.M. and Seed, R.B. (1986), "Compaction-induced earth pressures under $K_0$-conditions", J. Geotech. Eng., 112(1), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1986)112:1(1).
  12. Fan, K. (1983), "Evaluation of the interslice side forces for lateral earth force and slope stability problems", M.Sc. Dissertation, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada.
  13. Frost, J. and Park, J. (2003), "A critical assessment of the moist tamping technique", Geotech. Test. J., 26(1), 57-70. https://doi.org/10.1520/GTJ11108J.
  14. Hanna, A. (2001), "Determination of plane-strain shear strength of sand from the results of triaxial tests", Can. Geotech. J., 38(6), 1231-1240. https://doi.org/10.1139/t01-064.
  15. Hanna, A. and Al-Romhein, R. (2008), "At-rest earth pressure of overconsolidated cohesionless soil", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 134(3), 408-412. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2008)134:3(408).
  16. Hanna, A. and Al Khoury, I. (2005), "Passive earth pressure of overconsolidated cohesionless backfill", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 131(8), 978-986. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2005)131:8(978).
  17. Ingold, T.S. (1979), "The effects of compaction on retaining walls", Geotechnique, 29(3), 265-283. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1979.29.3.265.
  18. Jaky, J. (1944), "The coefficient of earth pressure at rest (A nyugalmi nyomas tenyezoje)", J. Soc. Hungarian Architect. Eng., 78(22), 355-358. in Hungarian
  19. Kazemi, M. and Bolouri, J.B. (2018), "A curtain traveling pluviator to reconstitute large scale sand specimens", Geomech. Eng., 14(2), 131-139. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2018.15.4.987.
  20. Khatri, V.N., Debbarma, S.P., Dutta, R.K. and Mohanty, B. (2017), "Pressure-settlement behavior of square and rectangular skirted footings resting on sand", Geomech. Eng., 12(4), 689-705. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2017.12.4.689
  21. Kuo, C.Y. and Frost, J.D. (1996), "Uniformity evaluation of cohesionless specimens using digital image analysis", J. Geotech. Eng., 122(5), 390-396. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1996)122:5(390).
  22. Ladd, R.S. (1974), "Specimen preparation and liquefaction of sands", J. Geotech. Eng. Div., 100(10), 1180-1184. https://doi.org/10.1061/AJGEB6.0000117
  23. Liu, S., Mao, H., Wang, Y.W. and Weng, L. (2018), "Experimental study on crushable coarse granular materials during monotonic simple shear tests", Geomech. Eng., 15(1), 687-694. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2018.15.1.687.
  24. Mayerhof, G.G. (1976), "Bearing capacity and settlement of pile foundations", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 102(3), 195-228.
  25. Mayne, P.W. and Kulhawy, F.H. (1982), "K-OCR relationships in soil", J. Geotech. Eng. Div., 108(6), 851-872. https://doi.org/10.1061/AJGEB6.0001306
  26. Miura, S. and Toki, S. (1982), "A sample preparation method and its effect on static and cyclic deformation-strength properties of sand", Soil. Found., 22(1), 61-77. https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf1972.22.61.
  27. Nanda, S. and Patra, N.R. (2015), "Determination of soil properties for plane strain condition from the triaxial tests results", Int. J. Numer. Anal. Meth. Geomech., 39(9), 1014-1026. https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.2337.
  28. Oda, M. (1972), "The mechanism of fabric changes during compressional deformation of sand", Soil. Found., 12(2), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf1972.12.1.
  29. Potgieter, J.T. (2017), "Effects of compaction on lateral earth pressure", Proceedings of the 6th International Young Geotechnical Engineers' Conference, Seoul, Korea, September.
  30. Rahardjo, H. and Fredlund, D.G. (1984), "General limit equilibrium method for lateral earth force", Can. Geotech. J., 21(1), 166-175. https://doi.org/10.1139/t84-013.
  31. Rehnman, S.E. and Broms, B.B. (1972), "Lateral pressures on basement wall: Results from full-scale tests", Proceedings of 5th European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Madrid, Spain, April.
  32. Schanz, T. and Vermeer, P.A. (1996), "Angles of friction and dilatancy of sand", Geotechnique, 46(1), 145-151. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1996.46.1.145
  33. Sherif, M.M. and Mackey, R.D. (1977), "Pressures on retaining wall with repeated loading", J. Geotech. Eng. Div., 103(11), 1341-1345. https://doi.org/10.1061/AJGEB6.0000526
  34. White, D.J., Take, W.A. and Bolton, M.D. (2003), "Soil deformation measurement using particle image velocimetry (PIV) and photogrammetry", Geotechnique, 53(7), 619-631. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.2003.53.7.619
  35. Wroth, C.P. (1972), "General theories of earth pressure and deformation", Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Madrid, Spain, April.
  36. Zakerzadeh, N., Fredlund, D.G. and Pufahl, D.E. (1999), "Interslice force functions for computing active and passive earth force", Can. Geotech. J., 36(6), 1015-1029. https://doi.org/10.1139/t99-065.

Cited by

  1. Experimental and numerical study on behavior of retaining structure with limited soil vol.26, pp.1, 2019, https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2021.26.1.077
  2. Experimental investigation for the use of tailings as paste-fill material through design of experiment vol.26, pp.5, 2019, https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2021.26.5.465