DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

발효 아이스플랜트(Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.) 추출물의 triglyceride, cholesterol 합성저해 및 tyrosinase 활성억제 효과

Effect of Fermented Ice Plant Extract on the Inhibition of Triglyceride and Cholesterol Synthesis and Tyrosinase Activity

  • 남상해 (경남과학기술대학교 식품과학부) ;
  • 김선정 (경남한방항노화연구원) ;
  • 고건희 (경남한방항노화연구원)
  • Nam, Sanghae (Division of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science & Technology) ;
  • Kim, Seonjeong (Gyeongnam Oriental Anti-aging Institute) ;
  • Ko, Keunhee (Gyeongnam Oriental Anti-aging Institute)
  • 투고 : 2019.05.24
  • 심사 : 2019.06.20
  • 발행 : 2019.06.30

초록

본 연구는 수분함유량이 많아 장기간의 보관이 어려운 아이스플랜트의 저장성을 높이기 위하여 발효하였을 경우, triglyceride, cholesterol 합성 및 tyrosinase 활성 등의 변화를 조사하였다. 유기산의 함량은 발효 후에는 lactic acid가 $23.672{\pm}3.74mg/g$으로 가장 많았으며 malic acid, acetic acid citric acid의 순이었다. 발효 전 후의 cyclitol 화합물의 변화를 보면, D-pinitol은 각각 $6.670{\pm}0.187mg/g$$5.541{\pm}0.088mg/g$으로 감소하였으나, myo-inositol은 $0.653{\pm}0.022mg/g$$3.848{\pm}0.216mg/g$, D-chiro-inositol은 $3.848{\pm}0.216mg/g$$4.945{\pm}0.098mg/g$으로 증가하였다. HepG2 세포 내 중성지방의 감소율은 발효 전 후에 각각 $3.04{\pm}1.70{\sim}35.73{\pm}5.06%$$5.13{\pm}0.90{\sim}53.32{\pm}1.79%$로서 발효 후 저해효과가 약간 높게 나타났으며, 대체로 극성이 큰 n-butanol과 aqueous 분획에서는 각각 $25.93{\pm}1.47{\sim}35.73{\pm}5.06%$$26.26{\pm}2.07{\sim}53.32{\pm}1.79%$로서 발효 후에 비교적 큰 폭으로 중성지방의 축적을 저해하였다. HepG2 세포 내 콜레스테롤의 감소율도 발효 전 후에 각각 $4.02{\pm}1.50{\sim}56.34{\pm}5.55%$$6.56{\pm}1.46{\sim}64.52{\pm}5.50%$ 정도로서 발효 후에 콜레스테롤의 합성 저해효과가 약간 크게 나타났다. 특히 처리농도가 $100{\mu}g/ml$ 이상에서 n-hexane, chloroform 및 ethylacetate 분획에서는 발효 전 후에 각각 $8.15{\pm}0.60{\sim}9.16{\pm}0.71%$$9.81{\pm}1.26{\sim}12.96{\pm}0.97%$로서 저해효과가 크지 않았으나, n-butanol과 aqueous 분획에서는 발효 전 후에 각각 $28.68{\pm}0.86{\sim}56.34{\pm}5.55%$$28.32{\pm}2.87{\sim}64.52{\pm}5.50%$로서 비교적 큰 폭으로 콜레스테롤의 합성을 저해하였다. Tyrosinase 활성억제효과도 발효 후에 약간 증가하는 경향이었다. 기질로서 L-tyrosine을 사용하였을 경우, 극성이 큰 aqueous 분획에서 발효 전 후에 각각 $60.58{\pm}4.035$$63.35{\pm}4.35%$로서 저해활성이 가장 높았으며, 양성대조군(arbutin, $100{\mu}g/ml$)의 72%에 달하는 활성이었다. 또한 기질로서 L-DOPA을 사용하였을 경우에도 aqueous 분획에서 발효 전 후에 각각 $56.85{\pm}1.57%$$59.38{\pm}1.74%$로서 저해활성이 가장 높았으며 양성대조군(kojic acid, $100{\mu}g/ml$)의 88% 이상의 높은 활성을 가지고 있었다. 전체적으로 발효 아이스플랜트의 중성지방 및 콜레스테롤 합성억제 효과, tyrosinase 활성억제효과는 대체로 발효 전에 비하여 다소 향상되었다. 특히 극성이 큰 용매의 분획추출물에서 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 발효 등의 다양한 가공방법이 개발되어 저장성과 활용도가 높아질 수 있는 계기가 되기를 기대한다.

This study investigated changes in triglyceride and cholesterol synthesis and tyrosinase activity induced by ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.) extract, which cannot be stored for long periods of time due to its high moisture content when it was fermented to improve its storage stability. The accumulation of triglyceride and cholesterol in HepG2 cells inhibited the accumulation with a relatively large magnitude in n-butanol and aqueous fractions that generally have high polarity, however, changes in inhibition potency due to the fermentation were not significant. As for the effect to inhibit tyrosinase activity, when L-tyrosine was used as a substrate, the inhibitory activity was the highest for the aqueous fraction at $60.58{\pm}4.03%$ and $63.35{\pm}4.35%$, before and after fermentation, respectively, which amounted to 72% of that of the positive control group (arbutin, $100{\mu}g/ml$). In addition, when L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) was used as a substrate, the inhibitory activity was also found the highest for the aqueous fraction at $56.85{\pm}1.57%$ and $59.38{\pm}1.74%$, before and after fermentation, respectively, which amounted to at least 88% of that in the positive control (kojic acid, $100{\mu}g/ml$). Overall, the activity of the fermented ice plant extract was similar or a little higher compared to that of the one without fermentation, indicating that fermentation can be a good approach to improve the storage stability of the ice plant.

키워드

SMGHBM_2019_v29n6_688_f0001.png 이미지

Fig. 1. Inhibition of triglyceride synthesis of solvent fractions from Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. against HepG2 cell.

SMGHBM_2019_v29n6_688_f0002.png 이미지

Fig. 2. Inhibition of choresterol synthesis of solvent fractions from Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. against HepG2 cell.

SMGHBM_2019_v29n6_688_f0003.png 이미지

Fig. 3. Inhibition effects of solvent fractions from Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. on tyrosinase for L-tyrosine as substrate.

SMGHBM_2019_v29n6_688_f0004.png 이미지

Fig. 4. Inhibition effects of solvent fractions from Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. on tyrosinase for L-DOPA as substrate.

Table 1. Extraction yield of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. by solvent fractionation

SMGHBM_2019_v29n6_688_t0001.png 이미지

Table 2. Organic acid compositions of Mesembryanthemum crys-tallinum L.

SMGHBM_2019_v29n6_688_t0002.png 이미지

Table 3. Cyclitol compounds compositions of Mesembryanthe-mum crystallinum L.

SMGHBM_2019_v29n6_688_t0003.png 이미지

Table 4. Cell viabilities of solvent fractions from Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. against HepG2 by MTT assay

SMGHBM_2019_v29n6_688_t0004.png 이미지

참고문헌

  1. Agarie, S., Kawaguchi, A., Kodera, A., Sunagawa, H., Kojima, H., Nose, A. and Nakahara, T. 2009. Potential of the common ice plant, Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. as a new high-functional food as evaluated by polyol accumulation. Plant Prod. Sci. 12, 37-46. https://doi.org/10.1626/pps.12.37
  2. Ahn, C. H. and Park, P. B. 2009. Increase of the D-chiro-inositol and D-pinitol contents by abiotic stress in the buckwheat seedlings. J. Life Sci. 19, 1456-1462. https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2009.19.10.1456
  3. Cabanes, J., Chazarra, S. and Garcia-Carmona, F. 1994. Kojic acid, a cosmetic skin whitening agent, is a slow-binding inhibitor of catecholase activity of tyrosinase. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46, 982-985. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1994.tb03253.x
  4. Cho, E. J., Ju, H, M., Jeong, C. H., Eom, S. H., Heo, H. J. and Kim, D. O. 2011. Effect of phenolic extract of dry leaves of Lespedeza cuneata G. Don on antioxidant capacity and tyrosinase inhibition. Kor. J. Hort. Sci. Technol. 29, 358-365.
  5. Folch, J., Lees, M. and Sloane, S. G. H. 1957. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. J. Biol. Chem. 226, 497-509. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(18)64849-5
  6. Gupta, A. K., Dahlof, B., Sever, P. S. and Poulter, N. R. 2010. Metabolic syndrome, independent of its components, is a risk factor for stroke and death but not for coronary heart disease among hypertensive patients in the Ascotbpla. Diabetes Care 33, 1647-1651. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc09-2208
  7. Jee, S. O. 2009. Antioxidant activities and whitening effect of the Mulberry (Morus alba L.) root bark extracts. Kor. J. Plant Res. 22, 145-151.
  8. Jung, S. H., Lee, S. H. and Ko, K. S. 2015. Effects of various garlic (Allium sativum) extracts on cholesterol synthesis in HepG2 cells. J. Kor. Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 44, 1779-1784. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2015.44.12.1779
  9. Kang, S. M., Kim, S. J. and Nam, S. H. 2017. Inhibitory effect of cell differentiation against 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity of Ice Plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.). Kor. J. Food Sci. Technol. 46, 1012-1017.
  10. Kang, S. M., Kim, S. J., Ha, S. H., Lee, C. R. and Nam, S. H. 2016. Biochemical components and physiological activities of Ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum). J. Kor. Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 45, 1732-1739. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2016.45.12.1732
  11. Kim, Y. J. and Uyama, H. 2005. Tyrosinase inhibitors from natural and synthetic sources: Structure, inhibition mechanism and perspective for the future. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 62, 1707-1723. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-005-5054-y
  12. Kurosu, M. and Sakamoto, K. 2011. Mesembryanthemum crystallinum extract suppressed the early differentiation of mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. J. Nat. Pharm. 2, 184-189. https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-5119.92856
  13. Lee, S. G., Kim, H. J., Im, N. K., Lee, E. J., Lee, S. P. and Lee, I. S. 2009. Antithrombotic and cholesterol reduction effects of defatted soybean grits fermented by Bacillus subtilis NUC1. Kor. J. Food Sci. Technol. 41, 423-427.
  14. Lee, S. J., Lee, M. J., Ko, Y. J., Choi, H. R., Jeong, J. T., Choi, K. M., Cha, J. D., Hwang, S. M., Jung, H. K., Park, J. H. and Lee, T. B. 2013. Effects of extracts of unripe black raspberry and red ginseng on cholesterol synthesis. Kor. J. Food Sci. Technol. 45, 628-635. https://doi.org/10.9721/KJFST.2013.45.5.628
  15. Lee, S. Y., Choi, H. D., Yu, S. N., Kim, S. H., Park, S. K. and Ahn, S. C. 2015. Biological activities of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum (ice plant) extract. J. Life Sci. 25, 638-645. https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2015.25.6.638
  16. Lim, S., Shin, H., Song, J. H., Kwak, S. H., Kang, S. M., Won, Y. J., Choi, S. H., Cho, S. I., Park, K. S., Lee, H. K., Jang, H. C. and Koh, K. K. 2011. Increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Korea: The Korean national health and nutrition examination survey for 1998-2007. Diabetes Care 34, 1323-1328. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc10-2109
  17. Mason, H. S. and Peterson, E. W. 1965. Melanoproteins I. reactions between enzyme-generated quinones and amino acids. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 111, 134-146 https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4165(65)90479-4
  18. Moon, S. J. 1996. Nutritional problems of Korean. J. Nutr. Health 29, 371-380.
  19. Mosmann, T. 1983. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxic assay. J. Immunol. Methods 65, 55-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(83)90303-4
  20. Nam, S. H., Kang, S. M., Kim, S. J. and Ko, K. H. 2017. Effect of fermented Ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.) extracts against antioxidant, antidiabetic and liver protection. J. Life Sci. 27, 909-918. https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2017.27.8.909
  21. Parvez, S., Kang, M., Chung, H. S., Cho, C., Hong, M. C., Shin, M. K. and Bae, H. 2006. Survey and mechanism of skin depigmenting and lightening agents. Phytother. Res. 20, 921-934. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1954
  22. Riley, P. A. 1997. Melanin. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 29, 1235-1239. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1357-2725(97)00013-7
  23. Seo, E. J., Hong, E. S., Choi, M. H., Kim, K. S. and Lee, S. J. 2012. The antioxidant and skin whitening effect of Artemisia iwayomogi extracts. Kor. J. Food Sci. Technol. 44, 89-93. https://doi.org/10.9721/KJFST.2012.44.1.089
  24. Yoon, S. R., Kim, G. R., Lee, J. H., Lee, S. W., Yeo, S. H., Jeong, Y. J. and Kwon, J. H. 2010. Properties of organic acids and volatile components in brown rice vinegar prepared using different yeasts and fermentation methods. Kor. J. Food Preserv. 17, 733-740.
  25. Zimmet, P., Alberti, G. and Shaw, J. 2005 A new IDF worldwide definition of the metabolic syndrome: the rationale and the results. Diabetes Voice 50, 31-33.