DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Numerical simulation of bridge piers with spread footings under earthquake excitation

  • Chiou, Jiunn-Shyang (Department of Civil Engineering, National Taiwan University) ;
  • Jheng, Yi-Wun (Department of Civil Engineering, National Taiwan University) ;
  • Hung, Hsiao-Hui (National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering)
  • 투고 : 2019.02.11
  • 심사 : 2019.04.04
  • 발행 : 2019.06.25

초록

This study simulates the responses of large-scale bridge piers under pseudo-dynamic tests to investigate the performance of four types of numerical models that consider the nonlinear behavior of the pier and the rocking behavior of the footing. In the models, beam-column elements with plastic hinges are used for the pier, two types of foundation models (rotational spring and distributed spring models) are adopted for the footing behavior, and two types of viscous damping models (Rayleigh and dashpot models) are applied for energy dissipation. Results show that the nonlinear pier model combined with the distributed spring-dashpot foundation model can reasonably capture the behavior of the piers in the tests. Although the commonly used rotational spring foundation model adopts a nonlinear moment-rotation property that reflects the effect of footing uplift, it cannot suitably simulate the hysteretic moment-rotation response of the footing in the dynamic analysis once the footing uplifts. In addition, the piers are susceptible to cracking damage under strong seismic loading and the induced plastic response can provide contribution to earthquake energy dissipation.

키워드

과제정보

연구 과제 주관 기관 : Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan, National Taiwan University

참고문헌

  1. Allotey, N. and El Naggar M.H. (2003), "Analytical momentrotation curves for rigid foundations based on a Winkler model", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 23, 367-381. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0267-7261(03)00034-4.
  2. Allotey, N. and El Naggar, M.H. (2007), "An investigation into the Winkler modeling of the cyclic response of rigid footings", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 28, 44-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2007.04.003.
  3. American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) (2000), FEMA-356-Prestandard and Commentary for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings, Washington, DC.
  4. Anastasopoulos, I. and Kontoroupi, Th. (2014), "Simplified approximated method for analysis of rocking systems accounting for soil inelasticity and foundation uplifting", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 56, 28-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2013.10.001.
  5. Antonellis, G., Gavras, A.G., Panagiotou, M., Kutter, B.L., Guerrini, G., Sander, A.C. and Fox, P.J. (2015), "Shake table test of large-scale bridge columns supported on rocking shallow foundations", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 141(5), 04015009. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001284.
  6. Apostolou, M., Gazetas, G. and Garini, E. (2007), "Seismic response of slender rigid structures with foundation uplift", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 27(7), 642-654. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2006.12.002.
  7. Billington, S.L. and Yoon, J.K. (2004), "Cyclic response of unbonded posttensioned precast columns with ductile fiberreinforced concrete", J. Bridge Eng., 9(4), 353-363. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0702(2004)9:4(353).
  8. Chaudhary, M.T.A. (2017), "Seismic response of bridges supported on shallow rock foundations considering SSI and pier column inelasticity", KSCE J. Civil Eng., 21(1), 285-295. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-016-0352-5.
  9. Chen, S.J., Yang, K.C., Lin, K.M. and Wang, C.D. (2011), "Seismic behavior of ductile rectangular composite bridge piers", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 40, 21-34. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.1018.
  10. Chiou, J.S., Chen, C.H. and Hwang, Y.W. (2018), "Pushover and shaking table tests on a rocking-governed column-footing model on dry dense sand", J. Chin. Inst. Eng., 41(3), 247-258. https://doi.org/10.1080/02533839.2018.1454858.
  11. Chiou, J.S., Yang, H.H. and Chen, C.H. (2009), "Use of plastic hinge model in nonlinear pushover analysis of a pile", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 135(9), 1341-1346. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000015.
  12. Chopra, A.K. (1995), Dynamics of Structures, Upper Saddle River, Prentice-Hall, NJ.
  13. Computer & Structures Inc. (2017), SAP2000, Integrated Software for Structural Analysis and Design [computer program], Computer & Structures, Inc., Berkeley, Calif.
  14. Deng, L., Kutter, B.L. and Kunnath, S.K. (2012), "Probabilistic seismic performance of rocking-foundation and hinging-column bridges", Earthq. Spectra, 28(4), 1423-1446. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.4000093.
  15. Deng, L., Kutter, B.L. and Kunnath, S.K. (2014), "Seismic design of rocking shallow foundations: displacement-based methodology", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 19(11), 04014043-1-11. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000616.
  16. Gajan, S. and Kutter, B.L. (2008), "Capacity, settlement, and energy dissipation of shallow footings subjected to rocking", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 134(8), 1129-1141. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2008)134:8(1129).
  17. Galal, K. (2007), "Lateral force-displacement ductility relationship of non-ductile squat RC columns rehabilitated using FRP confinement", Struct. Eng. Mech., 25(1), 75-89. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2007.25.1.075.
  18. Grange, S., Kotronis, P. and Mazars J. (2008), "A macro-element for a shallow foundation to simulate soil-structure interaction considering uplift", Comptes Rendus Mecanique, 336, 856-862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crme.2008.10.002.
  19. Hibbit, Karlsson & Sornsen Inc. (2000), ABAQUS Theory and User's Manual-Version 6.1, Hibbit, Karlsson & Sornsen, Pawtucket, R.I.
  20. Hung, H.H., Liu, K.Y., Ho, T.H. and Chang, K.C. (2011), "An experimental study on the rocking response of bridge piers with spread footing foundations", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 40(7), 749-769. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.1057.
  21. Hung, H.H., Liu, K.Y., Ho, T.H. and Chang, K.C. (2014), "Rocking behavior of bridge piers with spread footings under cyclic loading and earthquake excitation", Earthq. Struct., 7(6), 1001-1024. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2014.7.6.1001.
  22. Japan Road Association (JRA) (2012), Design Specifications for Highway Bridges - IV: Substructures. (in Japanese)
  23. Lu, Y., Marshall A.M. and Hajirasoulihaand I. (2016), "A simplified nonlinear sway-rocking model for evaluation of seismic response of structures on shallow foundations", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 81, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2015.11.002.
  24. Luo, X., Murono, Y. and Nishimura, A. (2002), "Verifying adequacy of the seismic deformation method by using real examples of earthquake damage", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 22, 17-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0267-7261(01)00053-7.
  25. Mergos, P.E. and Kawashima, K. (2005), "Rocking isolation of a typical bridge pier on spread foundation", J. Earthq. Eng., 9(2), 395-414. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1363246905002456.
  26. Ni, P. (2013), "Effects of soil-structure interaction on direct displacement based assessment procedure of multi-span reinforced concrete bridges", Eur. J. Environ. Civ. Eng., 17(7), 507-531. https://doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2013.771111.
  27. Raychowdhury, P. and Hutchinson, T.C. (2009), "Performance evaluation of a nonlinear Winkler-based shallow foundation model using centrifuge test results", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 38, 679-698. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.902.
  28. Sakellaraki, D. and Kawashima,K. (2006), "Effectiveness of seismic rocking isolation of bridges based on shake table test", First European Conf. on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology, European Association for Earthquake Engineering, Instanbul, Turkey.
  29. Shirato, M., Kouno, T. and Asai, R., Nakatani, S., Fukui, J. and Paolucci, R. (2008), "Large-scale experiments on nonlinear behavior of shallow foundations subjected to strong earthquakes", Soil. Found., 48(5), 673-692. https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf.48.673.
  30. Standards New Zealand (2004), Structural Design Actions, NZS 1170.5: 2004, Wellington, New Zealand.
  31. Takeda, T., Sozen, M.A. and Nielsen, N.N. (1970), "Reinforced concrete response to simulated earthquakes", J. Struct. Div., 96(12), 2557-2573. https://doi.org/10.1061/JSDEAG.0002765
  32. Terzaghi, K. (1955), "Evaluation of coefficients of subgrade reaction", Geotechnique, 5(4), 297-326. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1955.5.4.297.
  33. Wang, Z., Ge, J. and Wei, H. (2014), "Seismic performance of precast hollow bridge piers with different construction details", Front. Struct. Civil Eng., 8(4), 399-413. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-014-0273-7.