Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment (한국물환경학회지)

Korean Society on Water Environment (한국물환경학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Characteristics of Changes in Water Quality in the Suyoung River During Rainfall Event

강우 시 수영강 유역의 수질변화 특성

  • Kim, Suhyun (Department of Environmental Engineering, Pukyong National University) ;
  • Kim, Jungsun (Busan Development Institute) ;
  • Kang, Limseok (Department of Environmental Engineering, Pukyong National University)
  • 김수현 (부경대학교 환경공학과) ;
  • 김정선 (부산발전연구원 해양환경연구실) ;
  • 강임석 (부경대학교 환경공학과)
  • Received : 2018.09.07
  • Accepted : 2018.12.05
  • Published : 2019.01.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Recently, it was realized that a significant portion of pollution from urban areas originates from non-point sources such as construction sites, washoff from impervious surfaces, and sewage input from unsewered areas and combined sewer overflows. Especially, Urban stormwater runoff is one of the most extensive cause of the deterioration of the water quality in streams located in urban area. The objective of this study was to investigate runoff characteristics of non-point pollutants source at the urban area in the Suyeong River. Water quality variations were investigated at two points of Suyeong River during a period of 10 rainfall events. Concentration difference of non-point pollution source appeared big by precedent number of days of no rainfall. In addition, Event mean Concentration (EMCs) that well represents runoff characteristics of storm water during rainfall, was calculated, and runoff pollutants loading was also examined. The probability distribution of EMCs of BOD, COD, TOC, T-N, T-P, and TSS were analyzed and the mean values of observed EMC and the median values of estimated EMCs compared through probability distribution. Other objectives of this study were the characterization of discharge from non-point source, the analysis of the pollutant loads and an establishment of a management plan for non-point source of Suyeong River. Also, It was established that the most important thing for the administration of non-point pollution source is to come up with the solution for the reduction of effluent at the beginning.

Keywords

SJBJB8_2019_v35n1_9_f0001.png 이미지

Fig. 1. Sampling points for storm runoff in the Suyeong River.

SJBJB8_2019_v35n1_9_f0002.png 이미지

Fig. 2. Characteristics of flowrate according to precipitation type.

SJBJB8_2019_v35n1_9_f0003.png 이미지

Fig. 3. Flowrate variation with according to rainfall duration in the Suyeong River.

SJBJB8_2019_v35n1_9_f0004.png 이미지

Fig. 4. Changes of BOD, COD, and TOC concentration according to rainfall duration in the Suyeong River.

SJBJB8_2019_v35n1_9_f0005.png 이미지

Fig. 5. Changes of TN and TP concentration according to rainfall duration in the Suyeong River.

SJBJB8_2019_v35n1_9_f0006.png 이미지

Fig. 6. Changes of turbidity and TSS concentration according to rainfall duration in the Suyeong River.

SJBJB8_2019_v35n1_9_f0007.png 이미지

Fig. 7. Concentration of EMCs in the Suyeong River.

Table 1. Analytical methods and instruments

SJBJB8_2019_v35n1_9_t0001.png 이미지

Table 2. Results of water quality in the Suyeong River

SJBJB8_2019_v35n1_9_t0002.png 이미지

Table 3. Summary of the monitored rainfall events

SJBJB8_2019_v35n1_9_t0003.png 이미지

Table 4. Statistics of rainfall event at Suyeong River

SJBJB8_2019_v35n1_9_t0004.png 이미지

References

  1. American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association and Water Environment Federation (APHA, AWWA and WEF). (2012). Standard method of the examination of water and wastewater (22th ed.), Washington, D.C., USA.
  2. Andersson, P. S., Porcelli, D., Gustafsson, O., Ingri, J., and Wassenberg, G. J. (2001). The importance of colloids for the behavior of uranium isotopes in the low-salinity zone of a stable estuary, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 65(1), 13-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00514-7
  3. Carpenter, S. R., Caraco, N. F., Correll, D. L., Howarth, R. W., Sharpley, A. N., and Smith, V. H., (1998). Nonpoint pollution of surface waters with phosphorus and nitrogen, Ecological Applications, 8(3), 559-568. https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(1998)008[0559:NPOSWW]2.0.CO;2
  4. Charbeneau, R. J. and Barrett, M. E. (1998). Evaluation of methods for estimating stormwater pollutant loads, Journal of Water Environmental Research, 70(7) 1295-1302. https://doi.org/10.2175/106143098X123679
  5. Choi, J. Y., Lee, S. Y., and Kim, L. H. (2009). Wash-off characteristics of NPS pollutants from forest landuse, Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, 9(4), 129-134. [Korean Literature]
  6. Choi, J. Y., Shin, E. S., and Lee, D. H. (1999). A study on the urban non-point source pollutant loadings in Seoul, Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment, 15(3), 315-323. [Korean Literature]
  7. Choi, N. H. (2012). A study on runoff characteristics and pollutants unit loadings of nonpoint source by semi-urban basins, Master's Thesis, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 1-151. [Korean Literature]
  8. Chow, V. T., Eliassen, R., and Linsley, R. K. (1981). Models for water quality management, McGraw-Hill, New York.
  9. Fox, L. E. (1991). The transports and composition of humic substances in estuaries, In; Baker, R.A.(Ed), Organic Substances and Sediments in Water, Vol. 1, Humics and Soils, Lewis Publishing, Chelsea, MI, 129-162.
  10. Gregory, K. J. and Walling, D. E. (1987). Human activity and environmental process, John Wiely & Sons, New York.
  11. Han, M. D., So, J. Y., Ryu, J. C., Ahn, H. G., and Kim Y. S. (2014). The effects of pollutants into sub-basin on the water quality and loading of receiving streams, Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 36(9), 648-658. [Korean Literature] https://doi.org/10.4491/KSEE.2014.36.9.648
  12. Hart, M. R. Q., Nguyen, B. F., and Log, M. (2003). Phosphorus runoff from agricultural land and direct fertilizer effects, Journal of Environmental Quality, 33(6), 1954-1972. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2004.1954
  13. Ichiki, A. and Yamada, K. (1999). Study on characteristics of pollutant runoff into lake Biwa Japan, Water Science & Technology, 39(12), 17-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0273-1223(99)00313-3
  14. Irish, Jr. L. B., Barrett, M. E., Malina, Jr. J. F., Charbeneau, R. J. (1998). Use of regression models for analyzing highway stormwater loads, Journal of Environmental Engineering, 124(10), 987-993. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1998)124:10(987)
  15. Jang, S. H. and Park, J. S. (2005). Runoff characteristics of non-point source according to rainfall in Nam watershed, Journal of Environmental Health Sciences, 31(1), 1-6.
  16. Kim, G. H., Kim, Y. C., Lee, D. R., Jung, H. Y., and Yur, J. H. (2003). Analysis and estimation of EMC loads of rainfall runoff from agricultural-forestry in Korea, Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers, 25(6), 760-770. [Korean Literature]
  17. Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA). (2013). Extreme Weather Report, Korea Meteorological Administration.
  18. Li, F., Yuasa, A., Chiharada, H., and Matsui, Y. (2003). Storm impacts upon the composition of organic matrices in Nagara River-A study based on molecular weight and activated carbon adsorbability, Water Research, 36, 4027-4037.
  19. Li, F., Yuasa, A., Muraki, Y., and Matsui, Y. (2005). Impacts of a heavy storm of rain upon dissolved and particulate organic C, N and P in the main river of vegetation-rich basin area in Japan, Science of the Total Environment, 345, 99-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.11.004
  20. Marsalek, J. (1978). Pollution due to urban runoff: unit loads and abatement measures, PLUARG, International Joint Commission, Windsor, Ontario, Canada.
  21. Ministry of Environment (ME). (2016). White Paper of Environment, Ministry of Environment, 507-508.
  22. Myers, C. F., Meek, J., Tuller, J., and Weinberg, A. (1985). Nonpoint sources of water pollution, Journal of Soil Water Conser, 40(1), 14-18.
  23. National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER). (2009). Rainfall-runoff survey method, National Institute of Environmental Research.
  24. Novotny, V. and Olem, H. (1994). Water Quality Prevention, Identification, and Management of Diffuse Pollution, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 446-498.
  25. Oh, S. J., Woo, S. H., Hur, J., Jung, M. S., and Shin, H. S. (2009). Changes in dissolved organic matter composition in the Namhan river during a heavy rain event, Journal the Korean Society on Water Environment, 25(5), 697-703. [Korean Literature]
  26. Oh, Y. T., Park, J. C., Kim, D. S., and Rhyu, J. K. (2004). Pollutant characteristics of nonpoint source runoff in Okcheon stream, Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment, 20(6), 657-663. [Korean Literature]
  27. Ojo, O. (1990). The example of Lagos, Nigeria in hydrological process and water management in urban areas, in Herbert, M. and John, P. (ed), Recent Trends in Precipitation and the Water Balance of Tropical Cities, IAHS, 33-41.
  28. Park, H., Hyun, I., and Park C. (1998). Needs and options of Korea for integrated water management, Aqua, 47, 57-67. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2087.1998.00083.x
  29. Pegram, G. C., Quibell, G., and Hinsch, M. (1999). The nonpoint source impacts of peri-urban settlements in south africa: Impllications of their management, Water Science & Technology, 39(12), 283-290. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0557
  30. Quilbe, R., Rousseau, A. N., Duchemin, M., Poulin, A., Gangbazo, G., and Villeneuve, J. P. (2006). Selecting a calculation method to estimate sediment and nutrient loada in streams: Application to the Beaurivage River (Quebec, Canada), Journal of Hydrology, 305, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.06.044
  31. Ra, K. T., Kim, T. K., Kim, J. K., Bang, J. H., Lee, J. M., Kim, S. K., Kim, E. S., Yun, M. S., and Cho, S. R., (2011). Study on the characteristics and non-point source pollution loads in stormwater runoff of Shihwa lake, Journal of Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy, 14(1), 40-50. [Korean Literature] https://doi.org/10.7846/JKOSMEE.2011.14.1.040
  32. Ritter, W. F. and Shirmohammadi, A. (2000). Agricultural nonpoint source pollution: Watershed management and Hydrology, Lewis Publishers.
  33. Royer, T. V., David, J. L., and Mark, B. (2004). Transport and fate of nitrate in headwater agricultural streams in Illinois, Journal of Environmental Quality, 33(4), 1296-1304. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2004.1296
  34. Sansalone, J., Buchberger, J., and Steven. G. (1997). Partition and first flush of metals in urban roadway storm water, Journal of Environmental Engineers, 123(2), 134-143. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1997)123:2(134)
  35. Van der Molen, D. T., Breeuwsma, A., and Boers, P. C. M. (1998). Agricultural nutrient losses to surface water in the Netherlands: Impact, strategies, and perspectives, Journal of Environmental Quality, 27(1), 4-11. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1998.00472425002700010002x
  36. Yur, J. H. and Kim, G. H. (2005). Comparison of discharge characteristics of NPS pollutant loads from urban, agricultural and forestry watersheds, Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment, 21(2), 184-189. [Korean Literature]