Wind and Structures

  • 제28권6호
  • /
  • Pages.389-404
  • /
  • 2019
  • /
  • 1226-6116(pISSN)
  • /
  • 1598-6225(eISSN)
테크노프레스 (Techno-Press)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Variation in wind load and flow of a low-rise building during progressive damage scenario

  • Elshaer, Ahmed (Department of Civil Engineering, Lakehead University) ;
  • Bitsuamlak, Girma (Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Western University) ;
  • Abdallah, Hadil (Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Western University)
  • 투고 : 2018.06.09
  • 심사 : 2019.02.28
  • 발행 : 2019.06.25
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

In coastal regions, it is common to witness significant damages on low-rise buildings caused by hurricanes and other extreme wind events. These damages start at high pressure zones or weak building components, and then cascade to other building parts. The state-of-the-art in experimental and numerical aerodynamic load evaluation is to assume buildings with intact envelopes where wind acts only on the external walls and correct for internal pressure through separate aerodynamic studies. This approach fails to explain the effect of openings on (i) the external pressure, (ii) internal partition walls; and (iii) the load sharing between internal and external walls. During extreme events, non-structural components (e.g., windows, doors or rooftiles) could fail allowing the wind flow to enter the building, which can subject the internal walls to lateral loads that potentially can exceed their load capacities. Internal walls are typically designed for lower capacities compared to external walls. In the present work, an anticipated damage development scenario is modelled for a four-story building with a stepped gable roof. LES is used to examine the change in the internal and external wind flows for different level of assumed damages (starting from an intact building up to a case with failure in most windows and doors are observed). This study demonstrates that damages in non-structural components can increase the wind risk on the structural elements due to changes in the loading patterns. It also highlights the load sharing mechanisms in low rise buildings.

키워드

과제정보

연구 과제 주관 기관 : Ontario Center of Excellence (OCE), National Science and Engineering Research Center (NSERC), the Southern Ontario Smart Computing Innovation Platform (SOSCIP)

참고문헌

  1. Aboshosha, H., Elshaer, A., Bitsuamlak, G.T.G.T. and El Damatty, A. (2015), "Consistent inflow turbulence generator for LES evaluation of wind-induced responses for tall buildings", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 142, 198-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2015.04.004.
  2. Aly, A.M. and Bresowar, J. (2016), "Aerodynamic mitigation of wind-induced uplift forces on low-rise buildings: A comparative study", J. Build. Eng., 5, 267-276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2016.01.007.
  3. Bitsuamlak, G.T., Warsido, W., Ledesma, E. and Chowdhury, A.G. (2012), "Aerodynamic mitigation of roof and wall corner suctions using simple architectural elements", J. Eng. Mech., American Society of Civil Engineers, 139(3), 396-408. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0000505.
  4. Courant, R., Friedrichs, K. and Lewy, H. (1928), "Uber die partiellen Differenzengleichungen der mathematischen Physik", Mathematische annalen, 100(1), 32-74. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01448839
  5. Dagnew, A. and Bitsuamlak, G.T. (2013), "Computational evaluation of wind loads on buildings: a review", Wind Struct., 16(6), 629-660. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/was.2013.16.6.629.
  6. Davenport, A.G. (1977), Wind Loads on Low Rise Buildings: Final Report of Phases I and II. Part I: Text and Figures.
  7. ESDU. (2001), Engineering Sciences Data Unit. Characteristics of atmospheric turbulence near the ground. Part II: single point data for strong winds.
  8. Franke, J., Hellsten, A., Schlunzen, H. and Carissimo, B. (2007), "Best Practice Guideline for the CFD Simulation of Flows in the Urban Environment. COST Action 732: Quality Assurance and Improvement of Microscale Meteorological Models", Hamburg, Germany.
  9. Ginger, J.D. and Holmes, J.D. (2006), "Design wind loads on gable-ended low-rise buildings with moderate and steep roof slopes", Australian J. Struct. Eng., 6(2), 89-102. https://doi.org/10.1080/13287982.2006.11464947.
  10. Ginger, J.D., Holmes, J.D. and Kim, P.Y. (2010), "Variation of internal pressure with varying sizes of dominant openings and volumes", J. Struct. Eng., 136(10), 1319-1326. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000225.
  11. Ginger, J.D., Holmes, J.D. and Kopp, G.A. (2008), "Effect of building volume and opening size on fluctuating internal pressures", Wind Struct., 11(5), 361-376. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2008.11.5.361.
  12. Ginger, J.D., Mehta, K.C. and Yeatts, B.B. (1997), "Internal pressures in a low-rise full-scale building", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 72, 163-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(97)00241-9.
  13. Hajra, B., Aboshosha, H., Bitsuamlak, G.T. and Elshaer, A. (2016), "Large eddy simulation of wind-induced pressure on a low rise building", Canadian Society of Civil Engineers, London, Canada.
  14. Ho, T.C.E., Surry, D., Morrish, D. and Kopp, G.A. (2005), "The UWO contribution to the NIST aerodynamic database for wind loads on low buildings: Part 1. Archiving format and basic aerodynamic data", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 93(1), 1-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2004.07.006.
  15. Holmes, J.D. (1980), "Mean and fluctuating internal pressures induced by wind", Wind Eng., 435-450. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4832-8367-8.50046-2.
  16. Holmes, J.D. and Ginger, J.D. (2012), "Internal pressures-The dominant windward opening case-A review", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 100(1), 70-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2011.11.005.
  17. Kopp, G.A., Mans, C. and Surry, D. (2005), "Wind effects of parapets on low buildings: Part 4. Mitigation of corner loads with alternative geometries", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 93(11), 873-888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2005.08.004.
  18. Kopp, G.A., Morrison, M.J. and Henderson, D.J. (2012), "Fullscale testing of low-rise, residential buildings with realistic wind loads", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 104-106, 25-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2012.01.004.
  19. Kopp, G.A., Oh, J.H. and Inculet, D.R. (2008), "Wind-induced internal pressures in houses", J. Struct. Eng., 134, 1129-1138. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2008)134:7(1129).
  20. Lin, J.X., Surry, D. and Tieleman, H.W. (1995), "The distribution of pressure near roof corners of flat roof low buildings", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 56(2-3), 235-265. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(94)00089-V.
  21. Montazeri, H. and Blocken, B. (2013), "CFD simulation of windinduced pressure coefficients on buildings with and without balconies: validation and sensitivity analysis", Build. Environ., 60, 137-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2012.11.012.
  22. Nozawa, K. and Tamura, T. (2002), "Large eddy simulation of the flow around a low-rise building immersed in a rough-wall turbulent boundary layer", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 90(10), 1151-1162. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(02)00228-3.
  23. Pan, F., Cai, C.S. and Zhang, W. (2013), "Wind-induced internal pressures of buildings with multiple openings", J. Eng. Mech., 139(3), 376-385. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0000464.
  24. Smagorinsky, J. (1963), "General circulation experiments with the primitive equations: I. the basic experiment", Mon. Weather Rev., 91(3), 99-164. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1963)091<0099:GCEWTP>2.3.CO;2.
  25. Smith, A., Lott, N., Houston, T., Shein, K., Crouch, J. and Enloe, J. (2018). "US billion-dollar weather & climate disasters: 1980-2017", NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information accessed Jan 2018.
  26. Star CCM+ v.10.02.011. (2016), "CD-ADAPCO product. ", CD-ADAPCO Product.
  27. Stathopoulos, T. (2003), "Wind loads on low buildings: In the wake of Alan Davenport's contributions", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 91(12-15), 1565-1585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2003.09.019.
  28. Stathopoulos, T., Surry, D. and Davenport, A.G. (1979), "Internal pressure characteristics of low-rise buildings due to wind action", JE Cermak, Wind Engineering, 1.
  29. Tecle, A.S., Bitsuamlak, G.T. and Aly, A.M. (2013), "Internal pressure in a low-rise building with existing envelope openings and sudden breaching", Wind Struct., 16(1), 25-46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/was.2013.16.1.025.
  30. Tecle, A.S., Bitsuamlak, G.T. and Chowdhury, A.G. (2015), "Opening and compartmentalization effects of internal pressure in low-rise buildings with gable and hip roofs", J. Architect. Eng., 21(1), 04014002. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)AE.1943-5568.0000101.
  31. Uematsu, Y. and Isyumov, N. (1999), "Wind pressures acting on low-rise buildings", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 82(1), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(99)00036-7.
  32. Vickery, B.J. and Bloxham, C. (1992), "Internal pressure dynamics with a dominant opening", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 41(1-3), 193-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(92)90409-4.
  33. Yang, W., Quan, Y., Jin, X., Tamura, Y. and Gu, M. (2008), "Influences of equilibrium atmosphere boundary layer and turbulence parameter on wind loads of low-rise buildings", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 96(10), 2080-2092. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2008.02.014.