Fig. 1. Conceptual relationship between normalized vegetation biomass and groundwater table depth at wetland ecosystem.
Fig. 2. Loss function with various optimal groundwater table depths.
Fig. 3. Phase portrait of vegetation with linear loss function in constant groundwater table depth condition.
Fig. 4. Temporal evolution of wetland vegetation with various initial conditions and system parameters.
Fig. 5. Fixed points of vegetation dynamics.
Fig. 6. Temporal evolution of vegetation in wetlands.
Fig. 7. Bifurcation diagram of vegetation dynamics induced groundwater table depth in wetlands.
Fig. 8. Attractors of vegetation dynamics induced by ground water
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