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수치지형도와 항공 LiDAR를 이용한 도로인접 사면 땅밀림 발생지 변위 특성 분석

Analysis on Displacement Characteristics of Slow-Moving Landslide on a slope near road Using the Topographic Map and Airborne LiDAR

  • 서준표 (국립산림과학원 산림방재연구과) ;
  • 김기대 (국립산림과학원 산림방재연구과) ;
  • 우충식 (국립산림과학원 산림방재연구과)
  • Seo, Jun-Pyo (Division of Forest Disaster Management, National Institute of Forest Science) ;
  • Kim, Ki-Dae (Division of Forest Disaster Management, National Institute of Forest Science) ;
  • Woo, Choong-Shik (Division of Forest Disaster Management, National Institute of Forest Science)
  • 투고 : 2019.02.25
  • 심사 : 2019.05.03
  • 발행 : 2019.05.31

초록

본 연구는 땅밀림과 같이 예측할 수 없는 재해가 발생했을 때 신속 합리 효과적인 복구계획 수립에 기초자료를 제공하고자 수치지형도와 항공 LiDAR 자료를 이용하여 땅밀림 발생지역에서 변위 특성을 분석하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 항공 LiDAR 자료를 통하여 땅밀림 발생지점을 탐지하고 지형변화와 발생규모를 정량적으로 분석하였다. 그 결과 본 연구대상지는 국내 땅밀림 발생의 일반적 형태인 말굽형태로 나타났고, 붕괴방향은 북쪽이었다. 땅밀림 발생의 전체 면적은 약 2.5ha, 활락애는 길이 약 327.3m, 평균 폭 19.3m, 평균 깊이 8.6m로 분석되었다. 땅밀림이 대규모로 발생한 것은 아니지만, 도로가 위치한 인접사면에서 발생하여 옹벽 도로가 파손되는 등 큰 피해가 발생하였다. 땅밀림 발생지의 현장조사는 접근성, 안전성 등의 문제로 제한사항이 있지만 항공 LiDAR를 통하여 정확한 분석이 가능한 장점이 있었다. 그러나 항공 LiDAR는 비용이 많이 드는 단점이 있기 때문에 신속 지속 장기적인 모니터링에는 무인기에 LiDAR를 탑재하는 기술을 개발하여 이를 활용하는 것이 효율적이다. 이러한 땅밀림 발생지에서는 땅밀림의 이동방향, 규모 변화와 같은 정보를 지속적으로 획득해서 복구계획 수립 및 피해를 예방하는데 있어 활용해야한다.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the displacement characteristics in slow-moving landslide area using digital elevation model and airborne LiDAR when unpredictable disaster such as slow-moving landslide occurred. We also aimed to provide basic data for establishing a rapid, reasonable and effective restoration plan. In this study, slow-moving landslide occurrence cracks were selected through the airborne LiDAR data, and the topographic changes and the scale of occurrence were quantitatively analyzed. As a result of the analysis, the study area showed horseshoe shape similar to the general form of slow-moving landslide occurrence in Korea, and the direction of movement was in the north direction. The total area of slow-moving landslide damage was estimated to about 2.5ha, length of landsldie scrap 327.3m, average width 19.3m, and average depth 8.6m. The slow-moving landslides did not occur on a large scale but occurred on the adjacent slope where roads were located, caused damage to retaining walls and roads. The field survey of slow-moving landslides was limited by accessibility and safety issues, but there was an advantage that accurate analysis was possible through the airborne LiDAR. However, because airborne LiDAR has costly disadvantages, it has proposed a technique to mount LiDAR on UAV for rapidity, long-term monitoring. In a slow-moving landslide damage area, information such as direction of movement of cracks and change of scale should be acquired continuously to be used in restoration planning and prevention of damage.

키워드

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Fig. 1. Photograph of the slow-moving landslide damaged area

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Fig. 2. The airborne LiDAR equipment used in this study

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Fig. 3. Aerial photographs (a) and topographic map (b) in 2016

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Fig. 4. Aerial photographs (a) and digital elevation model by airborne LiDAR (b) in 2018

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Fig. 5. Results of slow-moving landslide crack extraction at the study site

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Fig. 6. Results of analysis on spatial variation using the DEM (a) before calibration (b) after calibration

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Fig. 7. Location of each profile in main scarp and road

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Fig. 8. Results of analysis on topography profile of MS_1-5 due to slow-moving landslide

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Fig. 9. Results of analysis on topography profile of RS_1-3 due to slow-moving landslide

Table 2. Specification of the Lite Mapper 6800

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Table 3. Occurrence scale of slow-moving landslides in this study

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