Fig. 1. Woody crops cultivated in short-rotation coppices. (a) 3-year-old P. nigra × P. maxiwiczii branch, (b) 3-year-old P. euramericana branch, (c) 3-year-old P. alba × P. glandulosa branch, (d) 3-year-old S. alba branch, (e) 12-year-old P. nigra × P. maxiwiczii branch, (f) 12-year-old P. euramericana branch, (g) 12-year-old P. alba × P. glandulosa branch, (h) 12-year-old S. alba branch.
Fig. 2. Effects of crop growth periods on glucose conversion in 3-year-old and 12-year-old P. nigra × P. maxiwiczii, P. euramericana, P. alba × P. glandulosa, and S. alba branches. Enzymatic hydrolysis conditions: Cellulase (65 FPU/g), β-glucosidase (24 CBU/g), pH 4.8, 50℃, 150 rpm, 96 hours. The data are expressed as the mean ± SD (n = 3).
Fig. 3. Fermentation kinetics during ethanol production from P. nigra× P. maxiwiczii branches by S. cerevisiae KCTC 7296 using batch fermentation. (a) 3-year-old P. nigra× P. maxiwiczii branches, (b) 12-year-old P. nigra× P. maxiwiczii branches. The data are expressed as the mean ± SD (n = 3).
Fig. 4. Fermentation kinetics during ethanol production from P. euramericana by S. cerevisiae KCTC 7296 using batch fermentation. (a) 3-year-old P. euramericana branches, (b) 12-year-old P. euramericana branches. The data are expressed as the mean ± SD (n = 3).
Fig. 5. Fermentation kinetics during ethanol production from P. alba × P. glandulosa by S. cerevisiae KCTC 7296 using batch fermentation. (a) 3-year-old P. alba × P. glandulosa branches, (b) 12-year-old P. alba × P. glandulosa branches. The data are expressed as the mean ± SD (n = 3).
Fig. 6. Fermentation kinetics during ethanol production from S. alba by S. cerevisiae KCTC 7296 using batch fermentation. (a) 3-year-old S. alba branches, (b) 12-year-old S. alba branches. The data are expressed as the mean ± SD (n = 3).
Table 1. Chemical compositions of 3-year-old and 12-year-old woody crop branchesa
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