Computers and Concrete

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The properties of hydrophobic concrete prepared by biomimetic mineralization method

  • Huang, Chung-Ho (Department of Civil Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology) ;
  • Fang, Hao-Yu (Department of Civil Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology) ;
  • Zhang, Jue-Zhong (Department of Civil Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology)
  • Received : 2018.06.11
  • Accepted : 2019.04.19
  • Published : 2019.05.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In this study, the calcium hydroxide, an inherent product of cement hydration, was treated using biomimetic carbonation method of incorporating stearic acid to generate the hydrophobic calcium carbonate on concrete surface. Carbonation reaction was carried out at various $CO_2$ pressure and temperatures and utilizing the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), chloride-ion penetration test apparatus, and compression test machine to investigate the hydrophobicity, durability, and mechanical properties of the synthesized products. Experimental results indicate that the calcium stearate may change the surface property of concrete from hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity. Increasing reaction temperature can change the particles from irregular shapes to needle-rod structures with increased shear stress and thus favorable to hydrophobicity and microhardness. The contact angle against water for the concrete surface was found to increase with increasing $CO_2$ pressure and temperature, and reached to an optimum value at around $90^{\circ}C$. The maximum static water contact angle of 128.7 degree was obtained at the $CO_2$ pressure of 2 atm and temperature of $90^{\circ}C$. It was also found that biomimetic carbonation increased the permeability, acid resistance and chloride-ion permeability of the concrete material. These unique results demonstrate that the needle-rod structures of $CaCO_3$ synthetized on concrete surface could enhance hydrophobicity, durability, and mechanical properties of concrete.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, R.O.C

References

  1. Amidi, S. and Wang, J. (2015), "Surface treatment of concrete bricks using calcium carbonate precipitation", Constr. Build. Mater., 80, 273-278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.02.001.
  2. Arabzadeh, A., Ceylan, H., Kim, S., Gopalakrishnan, K. and Taylor, P.C. (2017), "Superhydrophobic coatings on portland cement concrete surfaces", Constr. Build. Mater., 141, 393-401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.03.012.
  3. ASTM C192 (2016), Standard Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Laboratory, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
  4. ASTM C39 (2016), Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
  5. ASTM C1202 (2017), Standard Test Method for Electrical Indication of Concrete's Ability to Resist Chloride Ion Penetration, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
  6. ASTM E384 (2017), Standard Test Method for Microindentation Hardness of Materials, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
  7. Chen, Y., Ji, X., Zhao, G. and Wang, X. (2010), "Facile preparation of cubic calcium carbonate nanoparticles with hydrophobic properties via a carbonation route", Powder Technol., 200, 144-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2010.02.017.
  8. Deilami, S., Aslani, F. and Elchalakani, M. (2017), "Durability assessment of self-compacting concrete with fly ash", Comput. Concrete, 19(5), 489-499. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2017.19.5.489.
  9. Devi, V.S. (2018), "Durability properties of multiple blended concrete", Constr. Build. Mater., 179, 649-660. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.05.056.
  10. Ebert, D. and Bhushan, B. (2012), "Transparent, superhydrophobic, and wear-resistant coatings on glass and polymer substrates using $SiO_2$, ZnO, and ITO nanoparticles", Langmuir, 28, 11391-11399. DOI: 10.1021/la301479c.
  11. Grassmann, O. and Lobmann, P. (2004), "Biomimetic nucleation and growth of $CaCO_3$ in hydrogels incorporating carboxylate groups", Biomater., 25, 277-282. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9612(03)00526-X.
  12. Hosono, E., Fujihara, S., Honma, I. and Zhou, H. (2005), "Superhydrophobic perpendicular nanopin film by the bottomlip process", J. Am. Chem. Soc., 127, 13458-13459. DOI:10.1021/ja053745j.
  13. Jia, L., Shi, C., Pan, X., Zhang, J. and Wu, L. (2016), "Effects of inorganic surface treatment on water permeability of cementbased materials", Cement Concrete Compos., 67, 85-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2016.01.002.
  14. Keum, D.K., Kim, K.M., Naka, K. and Chujo, Y. (2002), "Preparation of hydrophobic $CaCO_3$ composite particles by mineralization with sodium trisilanolate in a methanol solution", J. Mater. Chem., 12, 2449-2452. DOI: 10.1039/B204490K.
  15. Lau, K.K., Bico, J., Teo, K.B., Chhowalla, M., Amaratunga, G.A., Milne, W.I., ... and Gleason, K.K. (2003), "Superhydrophobic carbon nanotube forests", Nano Lett., 3, 1701-1705. DOI: 10.1021/nl034704t.
  16. Lertwattanaruk, P., Sua-iam, G. and Makul, N. (2018), "Effects of calcium carbonate powder on the fresh and hardened properties of self-consolidating concrete incorporating untreated rice husk ash", J. Clean. Prod., 172, 3265-3278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.336.
  17. Li, X., Xu, Q. and Chen, S. (2018), "An experimental and numerical study on water permeability of concrete", Constr. Build. Mater., 179, 649-660. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.12.184.
  18. Li, Y., Chen, X. and Zhang, G. (2017), "A study on effects of water-cement ratio and crack width on chloride ion transmission rate in concrete", Comput. Concrete, 19(4), 387-394. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2017.19.4.387.
  19. Liu, Z. and Hansen, W. (2016), "Effect of hydrophobic surface treatment on freeze-thaw durability of concrete", Cement Concrete Compos., 69(1), 49-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2016.03.001.
  20. Pan, X., Shi, C., Zhang, J., Jia, L. and Chong, L. (2018), "Effect of inorganic surface treatment on surface hardness and carbonation of cement-based materials", Cement Concrete Compos., 90, 218-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2018.03.026.
  21. Park, D.C. (2008), "Carbonation of concrete in relation to $CO_2$ permeability and degradation of coatings", Constr. Build. Mater., 22, 2260-2268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.07.032.
  22. Sadowski, L. and Stefaniuk, D. (2018), "The effect of surface treatment on the microstructure of the skin of concrete", Appl. Surf. Sci., 427(B), 934-941. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.09.078.
  23. Sheng, Y., Zhou, B., Wang, C., Zhao, X., Deng, Y. and Wang, Z. (2006), "In situ preparation of hydrophobic $CaCO_3$ in the presence of sodium oleate", Appl. Surf. Sci., 253, 1983-1987. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2006.03.071.
  24. Mishchenko, L., Hatton, B., Kolle, M. and Aizenberg, J. (2012), "Patterning hierarchy in direct and inverse opal crystals", Small, 8, 1904-1911. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201102691.
  25. Tong, H., Ma, W.T., Wang, L.L., Wan, Hu, P.J.M. and Cao, L.X. (2004), "Control over the crystal phase, shape, size and aggregation of calcium carbonate via a l-aspartic acid inducing process", Biomater., 25, 3923-3929. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2003.10.038.
  26. Wada, N., Suda, S., Kanamura, K. and Umegaki, T. (2004), "Formation of thin calcium carbonate films with aragonite and vaterite forms coexisting with polyacrylic acids and chitosan membranes", J. Colloid. Interf. Sci., 279, 167-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2004.06.060.
  27. Wang, C., Piao, C., Zhai, X., Hickman, F.N. and Li, J. (2010), "Synthesis and characterization of hydrophobic calcium carbonate particles via dodecanoic acid inducing process", Powder Technol., 198, 131-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2009.10.026.
  28. Wang, C., Sheng, Y., Bala, H., Zhao, Zhao, X., Ma, J.X. and Wang, Z. (2007), "A novel aqueous phase route to synthesize hydrophobic $CaCO_3$ particles in situ", Mater. Sci. Eng. C-Mater. Biol. Appl., 27, 42-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2006.01.003.
  29. Wang, C., Sheng, Y., Zhao, X., Pan, Y., Bala, H. and Wang, Z. (2006), "Synthesis of hydrophobic $CaCO_3$ nanoparticles", Mater. Lett., 60, 854-857. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2005.10.035.
  30. Wang, C., Xiao, P., Zhao, J., Zhao, X., Liu, Y. and Wang, Z. (2006), "Biomimetic synthesis of hydrophobic calcium carbonate nanoparticles via a carbonation route", Powder Technol., 170, 31-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2006.08.016.
  31. Zhang, M., Feng, S., Wang, L. and Zheng, Y. (2016), "Lotus effect in wetting and self-cleaning", Biotribology, 5, 31-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotri.2015.08.002.
  32. Zhang, X., Feng, S., Yu, X., Liu, H., Fu, Y. and Wang, Z. (2004), "Polyelectrolyte multilayer as matrix for electrochemical deposition of gold clusters: toward super-hydrophobic surface", J. Am. Chem. Soc., 126, 3064-3065. DOI: 10.1021/ja0398722.
  33. Zhao, T. and Jiang, L. (2018), "Contact angle measurement of natural materials", Coll. Surf. B: Biointerf., 161, 324-330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.10.056.