Computers and Concrete

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Analysis of effects of shrinkage of concrete added to widen RC girder bridge

  • Received : 2018.06.20
  • Accepted : 2019.04.13
  • Published : 2019.05.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Traffic flow capacity of some old road bridges is insufficient due to limited deck width. In such cases bridge deck widening is a common solution. For multi-girder reinforced concrete (RC) bridges it is possible to add steel-concrete composite girders as the new outermost girders. The deck widening may be combined with bridge strengthening thanks to thickening of the existing deck slab. Joint action of the existing and the added parts of such bridge span must be ensured. It refers especially to the horizontal plane at the interface of the existing slab and the added concrete layer as well as to the vertical planes at the external surfaces of the initially outermost girders where the added girders are connected to the existing bridge span. Since the distribution of the added concrete is non-uniform in the span cross-section the structure is particularly sensitive to the added concrete shrinkage. The shrinkage induces shear forces in the aforementioned planes. Widening of a 12 m long RC multi-girder bridge span is numerically analysed to assess the influence of the added concrete shrinkage. The analysis results show that: a) in the vertical plane of the connection of the added and the existing deck slab the longitudinal shear due to the shrinkage of the added concrete is comparable with the effect of live load, b) it is necessary to provide appropriate longitudinal reinforcement in the deck slab over the added girders due to tension induced by the shrinkage of the added concrete.

Keywords

References

  1. Al-Deen, S., Ranzi, G. and Vrcelj, Z. (2011), "Shrinkage effects on flexural stiffness of composite beams with solid concrete slabs: An experimental study", Eng. Struct., 33(4), 1302-1315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.01.007.
  2. Autodesk Robot, https://www.autodesk.com/products/robotstructural-analysis/overview, accessed 28.08.2017.
  3. Dias, M., Tamayo, J., Morsch, I. and Awruch, A. (2015), "Time dependent finite element analysis of steel-concrete composite beams considering partial interaction", Comput. Concrete, 15(4), 687-707. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/cac.2015.15.4.687.
  4. Fan, J., Nie, X., Li, Q. and Li, Q. (2010), "Long-term behavior of composite beams under positive and negative bending. II: Analytical study", J. Struct. Eng., ASCE, 136(7), 858-865. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000176.
  5. Flaga, K. (2011), "Naprezenia skurczowe i zbrojenie przypowierzchniowe w konstrukcjach betonowych [Shrinkage stress and subsurface reinforcement in concrete structures]", Seria Inzynieria Ladowa, Monography 391, Politechnika Krakowska. (in Polish)
  6. Furtak, K. (2012), "Ocena wplywu skurczu betonu na wartosci naprezen w plaszczyznie zespolenia dzwigarow z plyta dwuwarstwowa [Assessment of influence of concrete shrinkage on stress at the interface of steel girders and bi-layer slab]", Technical Transactions, Civil Engineering, Issue 21, Year 109, 37-50. (in Polish)
  7. Hara, T. (2011), "Application of computational technologies to R/C structural analysis", Comput. Concrete, 8(1), 97-110. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2011.8.1.097.
  8. Hong, S. and Park, S.K. (2015), "Effect of vehicle-induced vibrations on early-age concrete during bridge widening", Constr. Build. Mater., 77, 179-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.12.043.
  9. Kianousha, M.R., Acarcanb, M. and Ziaria, A. (2008), "Behavior of base restrained reinforced concrete walls under volumetric change", Eng. Struct., 30, 1526-1534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2007.10.009.
  10. Ma, B.G. and Gao, Y.L. (2006), "Finite element analysis for shrinkage in the interface of functionally graded concrete segment used shield tunnelling", J. Wuhan Univ. Technol. (Materials Science Edition), S1, 98-102.
  11. Modena, C., Tecchio, G., Pellegrino, C., da Porto, F., Zanini, M. and Dona, M. (2015), "Retrofitting and refurbishment of existing road bridges, in Maintenance and Safety of Aging Infrastructure", Mainten. Saf. Ag. Infrastr., 469-533.
  12. Mohammadi, A., Yakel, A. and Azizinamini, A. (2014), "Phase and Widening Construction of Steel Bridges", FDOT Research Project Number BDK80-977-28, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida.
  13. Nie, J.G., Wang, Y.H., Zhang, X.G., Fan, J.S. and Cai, C.S. (2012), "Mechanical behavior of composite joints for connecting existing concrete bridges and steel-concrete composite beams", J. Constr. Steel Res., 75, 11-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2012.02.019.
  14. Niwa, J., Matsumoto, K., Sato, Y., Yamada, M. and Yamauchi, T. (2016), "Experimental study on shear behavior of the interface between old and new deck slabs", Eng. Struct., 126, 278-291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.07.063.
  15. PN-EN 1991-2:2007 Eurocode 1: Actions on Structures, Part 2: Traffic Loads on Bridges. (in Polish)
  16. PN-EN 1992-1-1:2008 Eurocode 2: Design of Concrete Structures, Part 1-1: General Rules, and Rules for Buildings. (in Polish)
  17. PN-EN 1994-2:2010 Eurocode 4: Design of Composite Steel and Concrete Structures, Part 2: General Rules and Rules for Bridges. (in Polish)
  18. Shushkewich, K. (2003), "The strutted box widening method for prestressed concrete segmental bridges", PCI J., 48(6), 64-81. https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij.11012003.64.81
  19. Szczygiel, J. (1972), "Mosty z betonu zbrojonego i sprezonego [Bridges of reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete]", Warszawa, WKL. (in Polish)
  20. Tian, H. and Li, F. (2016), "Probabilistic-based prediction of lifetime performance of RC bridges subject to maintenance interventions", Comput. Concrete, 17(4), 499-521. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2016.17.4.499.
  21. Wen, Q.J. (2011), "Long-term effect analysis of prestressed concrete box-girder bridge widening", Constr. Build. Mater., 25, 1580-1586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.09.041.