Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers (한국해안·해양공학회논문집)

Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers (한국해안·해양공학회)
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Typhoon-Surge Characteristics and the Highest High Water Levels at the Western Coast

서해안의 태풍해일특성과 고극조위

  • Kang, Ju Whan (Dept. of Civil Engineering, Mokpo National University) ;
  • Kim, Yang-Seon (Dept. of Civil Engineering, Mokpo National University)
  • 강주환 (목포대학교 토목공학과) ;
  • 김양선 (목포대학교 토목공학과)
  • Received : 2019.04.03
  • Accepted : 2019.04.18
  • Published : 2019.04.30
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Abstract

The aspects of typhoon-induced surges were classified into three types at the Western coast, and their characteristics were examined. The typhoons OLGA (9907) and KOMPASU (1007) were the representative steep types. As they pass close to the coasts with fast translation velocity, the time of maximum surge is unrelated to tidal phase. However, typhoons PRAPIROON (0012) and BOLAVEN (1215) were the representative mild types, which pass at a long distance to the coasts with slow translation velocity, and were characterized by having maximum surge time is near low tide. Meanwhile, typhoons MUIFA (1109) and WINNIE (9713) can be classified into mild types, but they do not show the characteristics of the mild type. Thus they are classified into propagative type, which are propagated from the outside. Analyzing the annual highest high water level data, the highest water level ever had been recorded when the WINNIE (9713) had attacked. At that time, severe astronomical tide condition overlapped modest surge. Therefore, if severe astronomical tide encounter severe surge in the future, tremendous water level may be formed with very small probability. However, considering that most of the huge typhoons are mild type, time of maximum surge tends to occur at low tide. In case of estimating the extreme water level by a numerical simulation, it is necessary not only to apply various tide conditions and accompanying tide-modulated surge, but also to scrutinize typhoon parameters such as translation velocity and so on.

서해안 지역에서 대형태풍에 의한 해일유형을 세 가지로 구분한 후 그 특성을 고찰하였다. 태풍 OLGA(9907)와 KOMPASU(1007)가 대표적인 첨두형 태풍인데 빠른 이동속도로 서해안에 근접하여 통과한 태풍으로 최대해일고 발생이 조시와는 무관한 특성을 보인다. 반면 태풍 PRAPIROON(0012)과 BOLAVEN(1215) 등은 대표적인 지속형으로서 느린 이동속도로 서해안에서 이격하여 통과한 태풍이며 주로 저조시에 최대해일고가 발생하는 조석변조해일 특성을 보인다. 한편 태풍 MUIFA(1109)와 WINNIE(9713)의 경우 지속형으로 구분될 수는 있지만, 외부에서 전파되어 온 해일유형으로 구분되어 조석변조해일 특성은 보이지 않는다. 이러한 해일유형을 토대로 서해안 지역에서 고극조위가 발생하는 패턴을 구분한 결과 현재까지 해면고가 가장 높았던 경우는 태풍 WINNIE(9713)와 같은 전파형의 크지 않은 해일고가 백중사리의 높은 조위조건과 겹쳐 발생한 경우였다. 향후 높은 조위조건에 첨두형 태풍이 겹칠 경우 전무후무한 고극조위가 발생할 수 있을 가능성이 다소 낮은 확률로 존재한다. 그러나 대부분의 대형태풍이 저조시에 최대해일고가 발생하는 지속형임을 감안하면 저조시 크게 나타난 해일고를 단순히 약최고고조위에 가산하여 설계조위를 산정하는 설계법은 과다설계의 우려가 크다. 태풍해일 수치모의를 통해 극치해면고를 산정할 경우에도 가급적 다양한 조위조건을 함께 부여하여 조석-해일 비선형성이 재현되도록 해야 하며, 태풍의 이동속도와 최근접거리에 따른 해일특성에 대한 변화양상을 주의 깊게 고찰하여야 한다.

Keywords

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