자원리싸이클링 (Resources Recycling)

  • 제28권2호
  • /
  • Pages.46-53
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  • 2019
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  • 2765-3439(pISSN)
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  • 2765-3447(eISSN)
한국자원리싸이클링학회 (The Korean Institute of Resources Recycling)
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이온성액체 기반 비수계 용액에서 용매추출과 전해에 의한 백금족 금속의 분리회수

Selective Recovery of Platinum Group Metals by Solvent Extraction and Electrolysis in Non-aqueous Solution Based on Ionic Liquids

  • 투고 : 2019.02.13
  • 심사 : 2019.03.29
  • 발행 : 2019.04.30
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초록

본 연구에서는 백금족 금속의 분리회수 가능성을 알아보기 위해 백금족 금속 혼합물로부터 이온성액체 기반의 용매에서 백금족 금속의 추출과 전해 환원거동을 조사하였다. 촉매조성인 10:1:0.5 M의 비로 $PdCl_2$, $PtCl_4$, $RhCl_3$가 용해되어 있는 혼합액으로부터 이온성액체인 $[C_4mim]PF_6$를 이용하여 백금(Pt)을 선택적으로 추출한 후 수계 전해액인 1 M $HNO_3$으로 역추출하고 -0.8 V (vs. Pt-QRE)의 전압과 금을 작동전극으로 사용하여 백금을 우선적으로 회수하였다. 잔류하는 팔라듐과 로듐은 $[C_4mim]Cl$ 용액으로 추출한 다음 비수계 전해법으로 환원회수하였다. 전극물질과 전압에 따른 두 금속의 환원거동을 조사하였으며, 작동전극을 탄소, 금과 STS304를 이용하여 각각 팔라듐과 로듐을 순차적으로 회수할 수 있었다.

In this study, the extraction and reduction behavior of platinum group metals in a non-aqueous solvent based on ionic liquids was investigated in order to confirm a new extraction technology of platinum group metals. Platinum was selectively extracted using an ionic liquid $[C_4mim]PF_6$ from a mixed solution of $PdCl_2$, $PtCl_4$ and $RhCl_3$ dissolved with concentration ratio of 10:1:0.5 M. After stripping of the metals by 1 M $HNO_3$ solution, the platinum was preferentially reduced by aqueous electrolysis on gold electrode at -0.8 V (vs. Pt-QRE). The residual palladium and rhodium were transferred to ionic liquid of $[C_4mim]Cl$. The metallic palladium and rhodium could be sequentially reduced on gold and STS304 as working electrodes by non-aqueous electrolysis, respectively.

키워드

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Fig. 1. Linear sweep voltammogram of platinum group metals in 1 M nitric acid.

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Fig. 2. Platinum recovery by aqueous electrolysis @ 25 oC, -0.8 V (vs. Pt-QRE).

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Fig. 3. Effect of electrode materials on reduction of PGM metals in [C4mim]Cl @ -1.2 V, 130 oC.

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Fig. 4. Linear sweep voltammogram of palladium and rhodium in [C4mim]Cl @ 130 oC.

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Fig. 5. Effect of applying potential on palladium and rhodium reduction in [C4mim]Cl on carbon electrode @130 oC.

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Fig. 6. Selective recovery of palladium by non-aqueous electrolysis in [C4mim]Cl @ 130 oC,-1.2 V (vs. Pt-QRE).

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Fig. 7. Recovery of rhodium by electrolysis in [C4mim]Cl + 1 M HCl (1:1 vol%) @ 25 oC.

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