Fig. 1. Effect of KP-F on production of nitric oxide in macrophage (A) and cell cytotoxicity (B).
Fig. 2. Effect of KP-F on neutrophil migration induced by LPS treatment.
Fig. 3. Effect of KP-F on the mortality of the lethal shock in mice challenged by LPS/D-GalN.
Table 1. Body weight and organ weight changes by KP-F administration in normal mice
Table 2. Nitrite and cytokines production by KP-F administration in normal mice
Table 3. Effect of KP-F on nitrite and cytokines production in endotoxemia mice induced by LPS/D-GalN
Table 4. Effect of KP-F on liver injury induced by LPS/D-GalN
Table 5. Effect of KP-F on kidney injury induced by LPS/D-GalN
참고문헌
-
Bang SY, Park GY, Park SY, Kim JH, Lee YK, Lee SJ, Kim YH. 2010. The stem bark of Kalopanax pictus exhibits anti-inflammatory effect through heme oxygenase-1 induction and NF-
${\kappa}B$ suppression. Immune Netw 10:212-218 https://doi.org/10.4110/in.2010.10.6.212 - Brinkhoff A, Sieberichs A, Engler H, Dolff S, Benson S, Korth J, Schedlowski M, Kribben A, Witzke O, Wilde B. 2018. Pro-inflammatory Th1 and Th17 cells are suppressed during human experimental endotoxemia whereas anti-inflammatory IL-10 producing T-cells are unaffected. Front Immunol 9:1133 https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01133
- Caroff M, Karibian D, Cavaillon JM, Haeffner-Cavaillon N. 2002. Structural and functional analyses of bacterial lipopolysaccharides. Microbes Infect 4:915-926 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1286-4579(02)01612-X
- Cecilio CA, Costa EH, Ucelli P, Chaves CAA, Toffoli MC, Flores CA, Cunha FQ, Ferreira SH, Tamashiro WMSC. 1997. The neutrophil migration induced by tumour necrosis factor alpha in mice is unaffected by glucocorticoids. Mediators Inflamm 6:46-52 https://doi.org/10.1080/09629359791929
- Choi J, Huh K, Kim SH, Lee KT, Park HJ, Han YN. 2002. Antinociceptive and anti-rheumatoidal effects of Kalopanax pictus extract and its saponin components in experimental animals. J Ethnopharmacol 79:199-204 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(01)00383-X
- Chung HY, Cesari M, Anton S, Marzetti E, Giovannini S, Seo AY, Carter C, Yu BP, Leeuwenburgh C. 2009. Molecular inflammation: Underpinnings of aging and age-related diseases. Ageing Res Rev 8:18-30 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2008.07.002
- Ding Y, Liu X, Bu L, Li H, Zhang S. 2012. Antimicrobialimmunomodulatory activities of zebrafish phosvitin-derived peptide Pt5. Peptides 37:309-313 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.peptides.2012.07.014
- Dobrovolskaia MA, Medvedev AE, Thomas KE, Cuesta N, Toshchakov V, Ren T, Cody MJ, Michalek SM, Rice NR, Vogel SN. 2003. Induction of in vitro reprogramming by Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4 agonists in murine macrophages: effects of TLR "homotolerance" versus "heterotolerance" on NF-kB signaling pathway components. J Immunol 170:508-519 https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.170.1.508
- Howe LM. 2000. Novel agents in the therapy of endotoxic shock. Expert Opin Invest Drugs 9:1363-1372 https://doi.org/10.1517/13543784.9.6.1363
- Jeong JJ, Jang SE, Joh EH, Han MJ, Kim DH. 2012. Kalopanaxsaponin B ameliorates TNBS-induced colitis in mice. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 20:457-462 https://doi.org/10.4062/biomolther.2012.20.5.457
-
Jeong YH, Hyun JW, Kim Van Le T, Kim DH, Kim HS. 2013. Kalopanaxsaponin A exerts anti-inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated microglia via inhibition of JNK and NF-
${\kappa}B$ /AP-1 pathways. Biomol Ther 21:332-337 https://doi.org/10.4062/biomolther.2013.069 - Joh EH, Jeong JJ, Kim DH. 2012. Kalopanaxsaponin B inhibits LPS-induced inflammation by inhibiting IRAK1 kinase. Cell Immunol 279:103-108 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cellimm.2012.10.001
- Josephs MD, Bahjat FR, Fukuzuka K, Ksontini R, Solorzana CC, Edwards CK III, Tannahill CL, MacKay SLD, Copeland EM III, Moldawer LL. 2000. Lipopolysaccharide and Dgalactosamine-induced hepatic injury is mediated by TNFalpha and not by Fas ligand. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 278:R1196-R1201 https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.2000.278.5.R1196
- Kim SP, Park SO, Lee SJ, Nam SH, Friedman M. 2013. A polysaccharide isolated from the liquid culture of Lentinus edodes (Shiitake) mushroom mycelia containing black rice bran protects mice against a Salmonella lipopolysaccharideinduced endotoxemia. J Agric Food Chem 61:10987-10994 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf403173k
- Kim SP, Park SO, Lee SJ, Nam SH, Friedman M. 2014. A polysaccharide isolated from the liquid culture of Lentinus edodes (Shiitake) mushroom mycelia containing black rice bran protects mice against salmonellosis through upregulation of the Th1 immune reaction. J Agric Food Chem 62:2384-2391 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf405223q
-
Kovacs-Nolan J, Kanatani H, Nakamura A, Ibuki M, Mine Y. 2013.
${\beta}$ -1,4-mannobiose stimulates innate immune responses and induces TLR4-dependent activation of mouse macrophages but reduces severity of inflammation during endotoxemia in mice. J Nutr 143:3843-3891 - Kuznetsova TA, Besednova NN, Somova LM, Plekhova NG. 2014. Fucoidan extracted from Fucus evanescens prevents endotoxin-induced damage in a mouse model of endotoxemia. Mar Drugs 12:886-898 https://doi.org/10.3390/md12020886
- Lee JH, Moon SY, Cho BY, Choi SI, Jung TD, Choi SH, Kim JD, Lee OH. 2017. Stability of ethanolic extract from fermented Cirsium setidens Nakai by bioconversion during different storing conditions. Korean J Food Nutr 30:388-394 https://doi.org/10.9799/ksfan.2017.30.2.388
- Matsunaga N, Tsuchimori N, Matsumoto T, Ii M. 2011. TAK-242(resatorvid), a small-molecule inhibitor of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 signaling, binds selectively to TLR4 and interferes with interactions between TLR4 and its adaptor molecules. Mol Pharmacol 79:34-41 https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.110.068064
- Miyazaki S, Ishikawa F, Fujikawa T, Nagata S, Yamaguchi K. 2004. Intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide induces dynamic migration of Gr-1high polymorphonuclear neutrophils in the murine abdominal cavity. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 11:452-457 https://doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.11.3.452-457.2004
- Motobu M, Amer S, Koyama Y, Hikosaka K, Sameshima T, Yamada M, Nakamura K, Koge K, Kang CB, Hayasidani H, Hirota Y. 2006. Protective effects of sugar cane extract on endotoxic shock in mice. Phytother Res 20:359-363 https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1860
- Moulin F, Copple BL, Ganey PE, Roth RA. 2001. Hepatic and extrahepatic factors critical for liver injury during lipopolysaccharide exposure. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 281:G1423-G1431 https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.2001.281.6.G1423
- Murakami A, Gao G, Kim OK, Omura M, Yano M, ItoC, Furukawa H, Jiwajinda S, Koshimizu K, Ohigashi H. 1999. Identification of coumarins from the fruit of Citrus hystrix DC as inhibitors of nitric oxide generation in mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. J Agric Food Chem 47:333-339 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf980523e
- Rahman MM, Kim HK, Kim SE, Kim MJ, Kim DH, Lee HS. 2018. Chondroprotective effects of a standardized extract (KBH-JP-040) from Kalopanax pictus, Hericium erinaceus, and Astragalus membranaceus in experimentally induced in vitro and in vivo osteoarthritis models. Nutrients 10:E356 https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10030356
- Sohn YA, Hwang SA, Lee SY, Hwang IY, Kim SW, Kim SY, Moon A, Lee YS, Kim YH, Kang KJ, Jeong CS. 2015. Protective effect of liriodendrin isolated from Kalopanax pictus against gastric injury. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 23:53-59 https://doi.org/10.4062/biomolther.2014.103
- Takahashi K, Mizukami H, Kamata K, Inaba W, Kato N, Hibi C, Yagihashi S. 2012. Amelioration of acute kidney injury in lipopolysaccharide-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome by an aldose reductase inhibitor, fidarestat. PLoS One 7:e30134 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0030134
- Triantafilou M, Triantafilou K. 2005. The dynamics of LPS recognition: complex orchestration of multiple receptors. J Endotoxin Res 11:5-11 https://doi.org/10.1177/09680519050110010401
- Werners AH. 2017. Treatment of endotoxaemia and septicaemia in the equine patient. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 40:1-15 https://doi.org/10.1111/jvp.12329
- Yoon BR, Kim YH, Lee JS, Hong HD, Rhee YK, Cho CW, Kim YC, Lee OH. 2013. Protective effect of ferments of hot-water extract mixture from Rhodiola sachalinensis and red ginseng on oxidative stress-induced C2C12 myoblast. Korean J Food Nutr 26:485-491 https://doi.org/10.9799/ksfan.2013.26.3.485