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Interpretation on Internal Microclimatic Characteristics and Thermal Environment Stability of the Royal Tombs at Songsanri in Gongju, Korea

공주 송산리 고분군 내부의 미기후 특성 및 온열환경 안정성 해석

  • Kim, Sung Han (Department of Cultural Heritage Conservation Sciences, Kongju National University) ;
  • Lee, Chan Hee (Department of Cultural Heritage Conservation Sciences, Kongju National University)
  • 김성한 (공주대학교 문화재보존과학과) ;
  • 이찬희 (공주대학교 문화재보존과학과)
  • Received : 2019.02.14
  • Accepted : 2019.04.08
  • Published : 2019.04.20

Abstract

The Royal Tombs at Songsanri is one of the most important historic site for ancient historical study in Korean Peninsula. Since the excavation of the tombs, continuous exposure to the outside environment and the negative effects of the artificial air conditioning system have caused significant threats to the thermal environment stability of the tombs. Unlike the outside temperature that shows significant differences according to seasonal changes, the burial chamber of the tombs had a relatively stable temperature range of 11.4 to $22.2^{\circ}C$ throughout the year, and the standard deviation of temperature was within 3.5. It was revealed that major factors affecting the microclimate of the tombs were inflow of outdoor air, wind direction and speed, and all of them had closely related to airtightness of the tombs. The solar radiation was in inverse proportion to the thickness of burial mounds, and thus Royal Tomb of King Muryeong, which has the thickest burial mound, was least affected by solar radiation. Especially, microclimate of the tombs caused to the highest influence with artificial environmental changes due to access by people, which varied in proportion to the number of accessed people and time of stay. Currently, the inside of the tombs are sealed and always in saturated condition, it is very vulnerable to dew condensation. As a result of analyzing the possibility of condensation in each tomb, all the tomb No. 5, tomb No. 6 and Royal Tomb of King Muryeong had condensation most of the time throughout the year. It is required to make a proper conservation environment for the Royal Tombs at Songsanri.

송산리 고분군은 한반도 고대사 연구에 가장 중요한 유적의 하나이나, 발굴 이후 지속적인 외부환경 노출과 인위적 공조시스템의 부작용으로 고분의 온열환경 안정성에 상당한 위협이 초래되었다. 고분군의 현실은 계절변화에 따라 큰 차이가 나타나는 외부 기온과는 달리 연중 $11.4{\sim}22.2^{\circ}C$의 비교적 안정적인 온도분포를 보였고, 표준편차도 3.5 이내로 나타났다. 고분의 미기후 환경에 영향을 미친 주요인은 외부 공기의 유입과 풍향 및 풍속으로, 이는 모두 고분군의 기밀성과 깊은 관련이 있다. 일사는 고분의 봉분두께와 반비례 관계를 보였으며, 봉분이 두꺼운 무령왕릉이 일사의 영향을 가장 적게 받았다. 특히 사람의 출입으로 인한 인위적 환경변화가 내부 환경의 안정성에 가장 큰 영향을 주었으며, 출입인원 및 재실시간에 비례하여 변화하는 특징을 보였다. 현재 송산리 고분군 내부는 밀폐되어 항상 포화상태를 유지하고 있어 결로에 매우 취약한 상태이다. 고분별로 결로 발생 가능성을 분석한 결과, 5호분과 6호분 및 무령왕릉 모두 연중 대부분 결로가 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 결로는 미생물의 생장을 돕고 부재를 이완시키므로 반드시 적절한 안정화 대책이 수립되어야 한다.

Keywords

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