Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering (한국표면공학회지)

The Korean Institute of Surface Engineering (한국표면공학회)
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The Influence of Process Variables on the Thin Film Growth of Metal-Halide Perovskites by the Solution Shear Coating

전단코팅 공정으로 제조하는 금속-할라이드계 페로브스카이트의 박막성장에 미치는 공정변수의 영향 고찰

  • Choe, Jihye (Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanbat National University) ;
  • Song, Jiho (Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanbat National University) ;
  • Jeong, Jiyoung (Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanbat National University) ;
  • Chung, Choong-Heui (Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanbat National University) ;
  • Kim, Jaekyun (Department of Photonics and Nanoelectronics, Hanyang University) ;
  • Hong, Ki-Ha (Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanbat National University)
  • 최지혜 (한밭대학교 신소재공학과) ;
  • 송지호 (한밭대학교 신소재공학과) ;
  • 정지영 (한밭대학교 신소재공학과) ;
  • 정중희 (한밭대학교 신소재공학과) ;
  • 김재균 (한양대학교 나노광전자학과) ;
  • 홍기하 (한밭대학교 신소재공학과)
  • Received : 2018.12.18
  • Accepted : 2019.01.08
  • Published : 2019.02.28
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Abstract

Metal-halide perovskite (MHP) solar cell is a promising candidate for next-generation flexible devices and the BIPV (Building-integrated photovoltaics) because it can exhibit high power conversion efficiencies over 23%, good bendability and low processing cost. However, MHP solar cells are commonly fabricated by the spin coating that is not a reliable method to produce large-scale commercial solar cells. A shear coating can be one of the potential candidates for the large-scale deposition method of MHP films. In this work, the influences of the process parameters such as solvents of precursor solution, substrate temperature, concentrations of precursor solution, and annealing time on the thin film growth of MHP were investigated for the shear coating process. This study presents the possibility of the shear coating process for large-scaled perovskite film fabrication and reveals the role of process condition in the thin film growth of perovskites.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. Illustration of shear coating process. The illustration shows the formation of MHP film when shear coating method is applied. The upper plate is a glass blade and the lower plate fixed on a hot plate is an ITO glass substrate. MHP precursor solution is located on the area between these glasses. The film is fabricated by moving precursor solution with the upper plate in one direction.

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Fig. 2. The optical microscopy image (a), the grain size distribution (b) of MHP film deposited by the shear coating and the scanning electron microscopy image(c) and the grain size distribution (d) of MHP film deposited by the spin coating.

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Fig. 3. The optical microscopy images and grain size distributions of MHP films when DMF (a and b) and mixture of GBL and DMSO (7:3 volume ratio) (c and d) are used as solvents of MHP precursor solutions. (scale bar: 100 μm)

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Fig. 4. Effects of substrate temperatures on the grain growth of the shear coating process. Average size of MHP grains increases as substrate temperature increases from 100oC to 160oC when GBL:DMSO=7:3 solution is used as solvent of MHP precursor solution. However, there is no tendency of grain size according to the substrate temperature when DMF is used. (scale bar: 100 μm)

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Fig. 5. Effects of shear rate and concentration of MHP precursor solutions on the grain growth. Grain morphology changes as shear rate increases from 2 mm/s to 6 mm/s. (scale bar: 100 μm)

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Fig. 6. Effects of shear rates on the surface morphology of MHP films. The MHP films are deposited with 35wt% precursor solution, and different shear rates of 4~6 mm/s are applied on these films.

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Fig. 7. XRD result of MHP film deposited by shear coating (*ITO). XRD data shows existence of two substances, CH3NH3PbI3 and ITO. The indices and star symbols demonstrate CH3NH3PbI3 and ITO, respectively.

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Fig. 8. Effects of the annealing time and temperature on J-V performances(a and b) of MHP solar cells of which light absorption layers are made by shear coating. (c) The influence of the annealing temperature on the PL of the shear coated MHP layers.

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