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A Study on the Micro-Topography Landscape Characteristics and Waterfront Landscape Style of Waterfront in Korean Jingyeong Landscape Painting

겸재 정선의 진경산수화에 나타난 수변의 미지형 경관 특성과 하경양식

  • Kim, Yong-Hee (Dept. of Urban Planning and Landscape Architecture, Graduate School, Dong-A University) ;
  • Kang, Young-Jo (Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Dong-A University)
  • 김용희 (동아대학교 대학원 도시조경학과) ;
  • 강영조 (동아대학교 조경학과)
  • Received : 2018.09.28
  • Accepted : 2019.02.07
  • Published : 2019.02.28

Abstract

This study is based on the analysis of the characteristics of waterfront scenery. Recently, waterfront development has expanded residentially, commercially and into leisure space. In the development of the waterfront, it is necessary to apply designs suitable for urban and various other waterfront areas. In this study, the natural scenery of the waterfront was researched with respect to the Korean Jingyeong landscape paintings and the main elements of the scenery were analyzed. In this study, 105 painting of Korean Jingyeong landscapes paintings were selected for the analysis of the waterside scenery. The paintings of Jeong Seon were studied to categorize streams topographically into mountainous, upper, middle, lower, and ocean types. In addition, major micro-topography elements, which are 13 water image elements and 13 staffage elements were analyzed. The main waterfront landscape elements are divided into 13 types. The waterfalls were divided into long waterfalls, short waterfalls, cascading waterfalls, and other aspects considered were line stream, curve stream, multi-curve stream, pond, water surface, flow surface, wave surface, rock side, pile sandy side, sandy side. There are 13 kinds of staffage elements, include pine forest, pine trees, fir trees, bamboo trees, willow trees, broadleaf tree, villages, houses, gazebo, boat, bridges, and people. The waterfront landscape by a river area was explained according to each characteristic of the waterfront landscape and staffage, and their changes were analyzed in each area. The 105 paintings were divided into 35 pieces of mountainous streams, 9 upper streams, 5 middle streams, 35 lower streams, and 21 oceans, and the change of each waterfront landscape and staffage was analyzed. Based on the topographical analysis of the waterfront landscape and staffage, the results can be summarized into 5 types of the waterfront landscape. Based on the micro-topographical characteristics of the waterfront landscape styles are as follow. In the mountainous streams, long waterfall and deep forest type are apparent, which depicts deep mountain waterfall scenery, and a multi-stream forest is the scenery of a picnic in the mountains, which is a representative form of mountainous streams landscape. In the upper-middle stream, the water-surface and gazebo type is predominant. In the lower stream, the sandy-gazebo typ scenery is predominant and the sandy depiction is unique to lower stream landscape. Pile sandy-dock type is life scenes where human activity highlighted, is a representative form of the lower stream landscapes. The characteristic of the coastal landscape is the serpentine rock scenery on the beach and the wave-serpentine rock type that forms the main coastal landscape. The study aims to propose significant design elements for a natural waterfront landscape planning based on the analysis of landscape in the paintings of Jeong Seon.

본 연구는 수변경관의 특성을 겸재 정선의 진경산수화를 바탕으로 분석한 연구이다. 최근 주거, 상업 및 여가공간의 확충을 위해 수변의 개발이 많이 이루어지고 있다. 수변 개발 시에는 도심과 다른 수변공간에 적합한 디자인의 적용이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 수변공간의 자연스러운 풍경상을 진경산수화에서 찾고, 그 풍경을 구성하는 주요 경관요소들을 분석하였다. 연구를 위해 수변 경관의 분석이 가능한 겸재 정선의 진경산수화 105엽을 선정하였다. 105엽을 하천지형학적 분류에 따라 산간계류, 상류, 중류, 하류, 해(海)로 분류하였고, 수변경관을 구성하는 주요 미지형 요소인 수형상 13가지, 점경요소 13가지의 특성을 분석하였다. 주요 미지형요소 수형상은 선형, 면형, 변형으로 구분되며, 장폭, 단폭, 다단폭, 선류, 곡류, 다곡류, 담, 수면, 유수면, 탄파면, 기암변, 토파변, 토사변 등 13가지이다. 점경요소는 자연 인문 요소로 구분되며, 송림, 소나무, 전나무, 대나무, 버들, 잡수, 기암, 마을, 집, 누정, 배, 다리, 사람 등 13가지이다. 하천 구역별 수변 미지형 경관의 특징을 수형상과 점경요소들로 설명하였으며, 수형상과 점경요소들의 하천 구역별 변화 양상을 분석하였다. 105엽은 산간계류 35엽, 상류 9엽, 중류 5엽, 하류 35엽, 해(海) 21엽으로 분류되었다. 하천 구역별로 수형상과 점경요소가 표현되는 양상을 분석한 결과, 5가지의 하경양식과 해안의 풍경 특징을 종합할 수 있었다. 겸재 정선의 진경산수화에서 수변 미지형 경관 특성을 중심으로 분석한 하경양식은 다음과 같다. 산간계류에서는 심산속 폭포 풍경을 그린 장폭심산형, 수림지내 곡류를 유람하는 풍경인 다곡수림형이 대표적인 하경양식으로 나타났다. 중상류에서는 수변을 유람하거나, 누정이 있는 풍경인 수면누정형, 하류에서는 하류 특유의 모래톱과 누정이 있는 풍경인 토사누정형과 하류에서의 인간활동이 부각된 생활풍경인 토파나루형이 대표적인 하경양식으로 나타났다. 해안 풍경의 특징은 바닷가의 기암절경이 주 풍경을 이루는 탄파기암형으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 겸재 정선의 진경산수화를 소재로 산수화와 경관 분야에서 아직 연구되지 않은 수변공간의 구성요소들과 수변 풍경 유형을 분석하였다.

Keywords

References

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