Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry

The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistry (한국응용생명화학회)
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Bioconversion of Gentiana scabra Bunge increases the anti-inflammatory effect in RAW 264.7 cells via MAP kinases and NF-κB pathway

  • Kim, Min-A (National Development Institute of Korean Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Han-Saem (National Development Institute of Korean Medicine) ;
  • Chon, So-Hyun (National Development Institute of Korean Medicine) ;
  • Park, Jeong-Eun (National Development Institute of Korean Medicine) ;
  • Lim, Yu-Mi (National Development Institute of Korean Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Eun-Jeong (National Development Institute of Korean Medicine) ;
  • Son, Eun-Kyung (National Development Institute of Korean Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Sang-Jun (Department of Natural Science, Republic of Korea Naval Academy) ;
  • So, Jai-Hyun (National Development Institute of Korean Medicine)
  • Received : 2018.12.03
  • Accepted : 2019.01.08
  • Published : 2019.03.31
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Abstract

Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases play an important role in cell growth and differentiation, as well as the modulation of proinflammatory cytokines. The objective of this study was to examine the increase in the anti-inflammatory effect of Gentiana scabra Bunge (GSB), due to bioconversion with the Aspergillus kawachii crude enzyme, via inhibition of the $NF-{\kappa}B$ signaling and MAP kinase pathways in RAW 264.7 cells. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 in RAW 264.7 cells treated with the GSB ethyl acetate fraction bioconverted with A. kawachii crude enzyme (GE-BA), was dramatically suppressed as compared to GSB ethyl acetate fraction non-bioconverted with the A. kawachii crude enzyme (GE-UA). The phosphorylation of p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinases, and inhibitory ${\kappa}B$ in RAW 264.7 cells treated with GE-BA was further suppressed, as compared to exposure to GE-UA. Moreover, the mRNA expression of interleukin 6, interleukin 1-beta, and tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ was further suppressed by GE-BA, compared to GE-UA. Similarly, anti-oxidant activities, such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical scavenging activity, of GE-BA were further increased compared to GE-UA. These observations demonstrate that the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of GSB ethyl acetate fraction increases as a result from bioconversion with the A. kawachii crude enzyme.

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