Earthquakes and Structures

  • 제16권2호
  • /
  • Pages.221-234
  • /
  • 2019
  • /
  • 2092-7614(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2092-7622(eISSN)
테크노프레스 (Techno-Press)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Assessing 3D seismic damage performance of a CFR dam considering various reservoir heights

  • Karalar, Memduh (Department of Civil Engineering, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University) ;
  • Cavusli, Murat (Department of Civil Engineering, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University)
  • 투고 : 2018.10.15
  • 심사 : 2019.01.23
  • 발행 : 2019.02.25
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Today, many important concrete face rockfill dams (CFRDs) have been built on the world, and some of these important structures are located on the strong seismic regions. In this reason, examination and monitoring of these water construction's seismic behaviour is very important for the safety and future of these dams. In this study, the nonlinear seismic behaviour of Ilısu CFR dam which was built in Turkey in 2017, is investigated for various reservoir water heights taking into account 1995 Kobe near-fault and far-fault ground motions. Three dimensional (3D) finite difference model of the dam is created using the FLAC3D software that is based on the finite difference method. The most suitable mesh range for the 3D model is chosen to achieve the realistic numerical results. Mohr-Coulomb nonlinear material model is used for the rockfill materials and foundation in the seismic analyses. Moreover, Drucker-Prager nonlinear material model is considered for the concrete slab to represent the nonlinearity of the concrete. The dam body, foundation and concrete slab constantly interact during the lifetime of the CFRDs. Therefore, the special interface elements are defined between the dam body-concrete slab and dam body-foundation due to represent the interaction condition in the 3D model. Free field boundary condition that was used rarely for the nonlinear seismic analyses, is considered for the lateral boundaries of the model. In addition, quiet artificial boundary condition that is special boundary condition for the rigid foundation in the earthquake analyses, is used for the bottom of the foundation. The hysteric damping coefficients are separately calculated for all of the materials. These special damping values is defined to the FLAC3D software using the special fish functions to capture the effects of the variation of the modulus and damping ratio with the dynamic shear-strain magnitude. Total 4 different reservoir water heights are taken into account in the seismic analyses. These water heights are empty reservoir, 50 m, 100 m and 130 m (full reservoir), respectively. In the nonlinear seismic analyses, near-fault and far-fault ground motions of 1995 Kobe earthquake are used. According to the numerical analyses, horizontal displacements, vertical displacements and principal stresses for 4 various reservoir water heights are evaluated in detail. Moreover, these results are compared for the near-fault and far-faults earthquakes. The nonlinear seismic analysis results indicate that as the reservoir height increases, the nonlinear seismic behaviour of the dam clearly changes. Each water height has different seismic effects on the earthquake behaviour of Ilısu CFR dam. In addition, it is obviously seen that near-fault earthquakes and far field earthquakes create different nonlinear seismic damages on the nonlinear earthquake behaviour of the dam.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Bayraktar, A. and Kartal, M.E. (2010), "Linear and nonlinear response of concrete slab on CFR dam during earthquake", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 30(10), 990-1003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2010.04.010
  2. Bayraktar, A., Kartal, M.E. and Adanur, S. (2011), "The effect of concrete slab-rockfill interface behavior on the earthquake performance of a CFR dam", Int. J. Nonlin. Mech., 46, 35-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnonlinmec.2010.07.001
  3. Bayraktar, A., Kartal, M.E. and Basaga, H.B. (2009), "Reservoir water effects on earthquake performance evaluation of Torul Concrete Faced Rockfill Dam", Water Sci. Eng., 2(1), 43-57. https://doi.org/10.3882/j.issn.1674-2370.2009.01.005
  4. Cen, W., Wen, L., Zhang, Z. and Xiong, K. (2016), "Numerical simulation of seismic damage and cracking of concrete slabs of high concrete face rockfill dams", Water Sci. Eng., 9(3), 205-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wse.2016.09.001
  5. Chen, S., Fu, Z., Wei, K. and Han, H. (2016), "Seismic responses of high concrete face rockfill dams: A case study", Water Sci. Eng., 9(3), 195-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wse.2016.09.002
  6. Cooke, J.B. (1984), "Progress in rock-fill dams, (18th Terzaghi Lecture)", J. Geotech. Eng., ASCE, 110(10), 1381-1414. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1984)110:10(1381)
  7. Dakoulas, P. (2012), "Nonlinear seismic response of tall concretefaced rockfill dams in narrow canyons", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 34, 11-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2011.09.004
  8. DSI (2018) General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works, Regional Directorate, Ankara.
  9. Han, B., Zdravkovic, L., Kontoe. S. and Taborda, D. (2016), "Numerical investigation of the response of the Yele rockfill dam during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 88, 124-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2016.06.002
  10. Itasca Consulting Group, Inc. (2002), FLAC Version 5 user manual. Minneapolis, USA: Itasca Consulting Group, Inc.
  11. Karalar, M. and Cavusli, M. (2018), "Effect of normal and shear interaction stiffnesses on three-dimensional viscoplastic creep behaviour of a CFR dam", Adv. Civil Eng., 2018, Article ID 2491652.
  12. Kartal, M.E., Cavusli, M. and Sunbul, A.B. (2017), "Assessing seismic response of a 2D roller-compacted concrete dam under variable reservoir lengths", Arab. J. Geosci., 10, 488. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-017-3271-y
  13. Kong, X., Zhang, Y., Zou, D., Qu, Y. and Yu, X. (2017), "Seismic cracking analyses of two types of face slab for concrete-faced rockfill dams", SCIENCE CHINA Technol. Sci., 60(4), 510-522. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-016-0363-6
  14. Noorzad, R. and Omidvar, M. (2010), "Seismic displacement analysis of embankment dams with reinforced cohesive shell", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 30, 1149-1157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2010.04.023
  15. Seiphoori, A., Haeri, S.M. and Karimi, M. (2011), "Three dimensional nonlinear seismic analysis of concrete faced rockfill dams subjected to scattered P, SV, and SH waves considering the dam-foundation interaction effects", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 31, 792-804. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2011.01.003
  16. Xu, B., Zhou, Y. and Zou, D. (2014), "Numerical simulation on slabs dislocation of zipingpu concrete faced rockfill dam during the Wenchuan earthquake vased on a generalized plasticity model", Scientif World J., 2014, Article ID 572407.
  17. Xu, B., Zou, D. and Liu, H. (2012), "Three-dimensional simulation of the construction process of the Zipingpu concrete face rock-fill dam based on a generalized plasticity model", Comput. Geotech., 43, 143-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2012.03.002
  18. Xu, B., Zou, D., Kong, X., Hu, Z. and Zhou, Y. (2015), "Dynamic damage evaluation on the slabs of the concrete faced rockfill dam with the plastic-damage model", Comput. Geotech., 65, 258-265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2015.01.003
  19. Xu, H., Zou, D., Kong, X. and Hu, Z. (2016), "Study on the effects of hydrodynamic pressure on the dynamic stresses in slabs of high CFRD based on the scaled boundary finite-element method", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 88, 223-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2016.06.003
  20. Xu, H., Zou, D., Kong. X., Hu, Z. and Su, X. (2018), "A nonlinear analysis of dynamic interactions of CFRD compressible reservoir system based on FEM-SBFEM", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 112, 24-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2018.04.057
  21. Yamaguchi, Y., Kondo, M. and Kobori, T. (2012), "Safety inspections and seismic behavior of embankment dams during the 2011 off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku earthquake", Soil. Found., 52(5), 945-955. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2012.11.013
  22. Zou, D., Han, H., Liu. J., Yang, D. and Kong, X. (2018), "Seismic failure analysis for a high concrete face rockfill dam subjected to near-fault pulse-like ground motions", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 98, 235-243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.03.031
  23. Zou, D., Xu, B., Kong, X., Liu, H. and Zhou, Y. (2013), "Numerical simulation of the seismic response of the Zipingpu concrete face rockfill dam during the Wenchuan earthquake based on a generalized plasticity model", Comput. Geotech., 49, 111-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2012.10.010

피인용 문헌

  1. Investigation of Stochastic Seismic Response and Index Correlation of an Arch Dam Using Endurance Time Analysis Method vol.2020, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8862869
  2. Long-Term Settlement of High Concrete-Face Rockfill Dam by Field Monitoring and Numerical Simulation vol.2020, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8898433
  3. Effect of abutment movements on nonlinear seismic response of an arch dam vol.16, pp.8, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2019.1684955
  4. Influences on the Seismic Response of the Gravity Dam-Foundation-Reservoir System with Different Boundary and Input Models vol.2021, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6660145
  5. Influence of soil model complexity on the seismic response of shallow foundations vol.24, pp.2, 2019, https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2021.24.2.193
  6. Three dimensional seismic deformation-shear strain-swelling performance of America-California Oroville Earth-Fill Dam vol.24, pp.5, 2021, https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2021.24.5.443