Journal of Animal Science and Technology

Korean Society of Animal Sciences and Technology (한국축산학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of the plane of nutrition for grower pigs on their grow-finish performance and meat quality in winter

  • Yang, Bo-Seok (Department of Animal Resources Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology) ;
  • Kim, Myeong Hyeon (Department of Animal Resources Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology) ;
  • Choi, Jung-Seok (Swine Science and Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology) ;
  • Jin, Sang Keun (Department of Animal Resources Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology) ;
  • Park, Man-Jong (Department of Animal Resources Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology) ;
  • Song, Young-Min (Department of Animal Resources Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology) ;
  • Lee, Chul Young (Department of Animal Resources Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology)
  • Received : 2018.11.22
  • Accepted : 2019.01.14
  • Published : 2019.01.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Little is known about the effects of the plane of nutrition on growth performance and meat quality of grow-finish pigs under commercial production conditions. The present study was thus addressed to this virtually unanswered question. One hundred and two barrows and 102 gilts weighing approximately 24 kg were fed phase I and II grower diets with a high, medium, or low plane of nutrition (HP, MP, or LP) to approximately 43 and 70 kg, respectively, in 6 replicates (pens). Subsequently, the HP and MP groups were fed the HP and MP1 finisher diets, respectively, the LP group being fed a second MP (MP2) finisher diet (LP1 group). Moreover, 68 LP-grower-fed barrows and gilts were added to the feeding trial and fed the MP1 and LP finisher diets to approximately 95 kg and thereafter, respectively (LP2 group). All MP diets had the lysine:calorie ratios comparable to the RNC recommendations, with < 18% differences between those of the HP and LP diets. The finisher pigs were reared in 16 pens and slaughtered at approximately 115 kg. The gain:feed ratio, but not average daily gain (ADG), was greater for the HP group than for the MP and LP during the grower phase I whereas during the grower phase II, ADG was greater (p < 0.05) for the HP and LP groups vs. MP. During the finisher phase I, ADG was less for the LP (LP1 + LP2) group vs. HP and MP, with no difference between the HP and MP groups; the gain:feed ratio was less for the LP vs. MP group. Backfat thickness was greater for the LP vs. HP group. The water holding capacity of fresh longissimus dorsi muscle (LM) and the sensory juiciness score for cooked LM were greatest for the LP group, the sensory flavor and tenderness scores being greater for the LP group vs. MP. In conclusion, results suggest that compensatory growth occurred for the LP and MP groups during the grower phase II and finisher phase I, respectively, with fat deposition increased for the LP group and that meat quality could be improved by the use of LP.

Keywords

References

  1. Chung CY, Chung IB, Kwon DJ, Chung SK, Yoon HJ, Kim KS. Experiments on swine production: effects of plane of nutrition and market weight on pork quality. In: Annual research reports of National Livestock Research Institute. Korea; 1981. p. 436-76.
  2. Smith JW, Tokach MD, O'Quinn PR, Nelssen JL, Goodband RD. Effects of dietary energy density and lysine: calorie ratio on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs. J Anim Sci. 1999;77:3007-15. https://doi.org/10.2527/1999.77113007x
  3. De La Llata M, Dritz SS, Langemeier MR, Tokach MD, Goodband RD, Nelssen JL. Economics of increasing lysine:-calorie ratio and adding dietary fat for growing-finishing pigs reared in a commercial environment. J Swine Health Prod. 2001;9:215-23.
  4. Main RG, Dritz SS, Tokach MD, Goodband RD, Nelssen JL. Determining an optimum lysine:calorie ratio for barrows and gilts in a commercial finishing facility. J Anim Sci. 2008;86:2190-207. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2007-0408
  5. Campbell RG, Taverner MR, Curic DM. Effect of feeding level and dietary protein content on the growth, body composition and rate of protein deposition in pigs growing from 45 to 90 kg. Anim Sci. 1984;38:233-40. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003356100002221
  6. Campbell RG, Taverner MR, Curic DM. The influence of feeding level on the protein requirement of pigs between 20 and 45 kg live weight. Anim Sci. 1985;40:489-96. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003356100040186
  7. Hill RA, Dunshea FR, Dodson MV. Growth of livestock. In: Scanes CG, editor. Biology of growth of domestic animals. Ames, IA, USA: Iowa State Press; 2003. p. 342-64.
  8. Noblet J, Van Milgen J. Energy and energy metabolism in swine. In: Chiba LI, editor. Sustainable swine nutrition. Ames, IA, USA: John Wiley & Sons; 2013. p. 23-57.
  9. Ellis M, Augspurger N. Feed intake in growing-finishing pigs. In: Lewis AJ, Southern LL, editors. Swine nutrition. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press LLC; 2001. p. 447-67.
  10. Ha DM, Park BC, Park MJ, Song YM, Jin SK, Park JH, et al. Effects of plane of nutrition on growth performance and meat quality traits in finishing pigs. J Anim Sci Technol. 2012;54:449-54. https://doi.org/10.5187/JAST.2012.54.6.449
  11. Reynolds AM, O'Doherty JV. The effect of amino acid restriction during the grower phase on compensatory growth, carcass composition and nitrogen utilisation in grower-finisher pigs. Livest Sci. 2006;104:112-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2006.03.012
  12. Cloutier L, Letourneau-Montminy MP, Bernier JF, Pomar J, Pomar C. Effect of a lysine depletion-repletion protocol on the compensatory growth of growing-finishing pigs. J Anim Sci. 2016;94:255-66.
  13. Bohman VR. Compensatory growth of beef cattle: the effect of hay maturity. J Anim Sci. 1955;14:249-55. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1955.141249x
  14. Lawrence TLJ, Fowler VR, Novakofski JE. Growth of farm animals. 3rd ed. Wallingford, UK: CABI; 2012.
  15. Chiba LI. Effects of dietary amino acid content between 20 and 50 kg and 50 and 100 kg live weight on the subsequent and overall performance of pigs. Livest Prod Sci. 1994;39:213-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-6226(94)90186-4
  16. Chiba LI. Effects of nutritional history on the subsequent and overall growth performance and carcass traits of pigs. Livest Prod Sci. 1995;41:151-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-6226(94)00050-H
  17. Whang KY, Donovan SM, Easter RA. Effect of protein deprivation on subsequent efficiency of dietary protein utilization in finishing pigs. Asian-Aust J Anim Sci. 2000;13:659-65. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2000.659
  18. Fabian J, Chiba LI, Kuhlers DL, Frobish LT, Nadarajah K, Kerth CR, et al. Degree of amino restrictions during the grower phase and compensatory growth in pigs selected for lean growth efficiency. J Anim Sci. 2002;80:2610-18. https://doi.org/10.1093/ansci/80.10.2610
  19. Fabian J, Chiba LI, Frobish LT, McElhenney WH, Kuhlers DL, Nadarajah K. Compensatory growth and nitrogen balance in grower-finishing pigs. J Anim Sci. 2004;82:2579-87. https://doi.org/10.2527/2004.8292579x
  20. Ha DM, Jung DY, Park MJ, Park BC, Lee CY. Effects of sires with different weight gain potentials and varying planes of nutrition on growth of growing-finishing pigs. J Anim Sci Technol. 2014;56:22. https://doi.org/10.1186/2055-0391-56-22
  21. Hyun Y, Ellis M, Riskowski G, Johnson RW. Growth performance of pigs subjected to multiple concurrent environmental stressors. J Anim Sci. 1998;76:721-27. https://doi.org/10.2527/1998.763721x
  22. NRC. Nutrient requirements of swine. 11th ed. Washington, DC, USA: National Academy Press; 2012.
  23. CIE. Colorimetry. 2nd ed. CIE Publication No. 15.2. Vienna: Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage; 1986.
  24. Lee CY, Lee HP, Jeong JH, Baik KH, Jin SK, Lee JH, et al. Effects of restricted feeding, low-energy diet, and implantation of trenbolone acetate plus estradiol on growth, carcass traits, and circulating concentrations of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-binding protein-3 in finishing barrows. J Anim Sci. 2002;80:84-93. https://doi.org/10.2527/2002.80184x
  25. Lee CH, Jung DY, Choi JS, Jin SK, Lee CY. Effects of the plane of nutrition on physicochemical characteristics and sensory quality traits of the muscle in finishing pigs. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour. 2014;34:516-24. https://doi.org/10.5851/kosfa.2014.34.4.516
  26. Jin SK, Kim IS, Hur SJ, Hah KH, Kim BW. Effects of feeding period on carcass and objective meat quality in crossbred longissimus muscle. J Anim Sci Technol. 2004;46:811-20. https://doi.org/10.5187/JAST.2004.46.5.811
  27. Park MJ, Ha DM, Shin HW, Lee SH, Kim WK, Ha SH, et al. Growth efficiency, carcass quality characteristics and profitability of ‘high’-market weight pigs. J Anim Sci Technol. 2007;49:459-70. https://doi.org/10.5187/JAST.2007.49.4.459
  28. MAFRA. Statistics. Korea: Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs. 2018. http://www.mafra.go.kr. Accessed 5 Nov 2018.
  29. Millet S, Langendries K, Aluwe M, De Brabander DL. Effect of amino acid level in the pig diet during growing and early finishing on growth response during the late finishing phase of lean meat type gilts. J Sci Food Agric. 2011;91:1254-8. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.4307
  30. Castell AG, Cliplef RL, Poste-Flynn LM, Butler G. Performance, carcass and pork characteristics of castrates and gilts self-fed diets differing in protein content and lysine:energy ratio. Can J Anim Sci. 1994;74:519-28. https://doi.org/10.4141/cjas94-073
  31. Mitchell AD. Impact of research with cattle, pigs, and sheep on nutritional concepts: body composition and growth. J Nutr. 2007;137:711-714. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/137.3.711
  32. De La Llata M, Dritz SS, Tokach MD, Goodband RD, Nelssen JL. Effects of increasing lysine to calorie ratio and added fat for growing-finishing pigs reared in a commercial environment: I. Growth performance and carcass characteristics. Prof Anim Sci. 2007;23:417-28. https://doi.org/10.15232/S1080-7446(15)30997-9
  33. Seo JT. Suggestions for the improvement of pork quality and case reports on quality pork producers (published in Korean). Kor J Swine Res. 2016;45:84-111.
  34. Kerr BJ, McKeith FK, Easter RA. Effect on performance and carcass characteristics of nursery to finisher pigs fed reduced crude protein, amino acid-supplemented diets. J Anim Sci. 1995;73:433-40. https://doi.org/10.2527/1995.732433x
  35. Millet S, Aluwe M. Compensatory growth response and carcass quality after a period of lysine restriction in lean meat type barrows. Arch Anim Nutr. 2014;68:16-28. https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2013.869987
  36. Watanabe G, Motoyama M, Nakajima I, Sasaki K. Relationship between water-holding capacity and intramuscular fat content in Japanese commercial pork loin. Asian-Aust J Anim Sci. 2018;31:914-8. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.17.0640
  37. Warner RD, Kauffman RG, Greaser ML. Muscle protein changes post mortem in relation to pork quality traits. Meat Sci. 1997;45:339-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1740(96)00116-7
  38. Joo ST, Kim GD. Meat quality traits and control technologies. In: Joo ST, editor. Control of meat quality. Kerala, India: Research Signpost; 2011. p. 1-29.
  39. Papanagiotou P, Tzimitra-Kalogianni I, Melfou K. Consumers' expected quality and intention to purchase high quality pork meat. Meat Sci. 2013;93:449-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2012.11.024
  40. Channon HA, D'Souza DN, Dunshea FR. Developing a cuts-based system to improve consumer acceptability of pork: Impact of gender, ageing period, endpoint temperature and cooking method. Meat Sci. 2016;121:216-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.06.011
  41. Choi JS, Jin SK, Lee CY. Assessment of growth performance and meat quality of finishing pigs raised on the low plane of nutrition. J Anim Sci Technol. 2015;57:37. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40781-015-0070-4

Cited by

  1. Effects of the plane of nutrition during the latter grower and entire finisher phases on grow-finish pig performance in summer vol.61, pp.1, 2019, https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2019.61.1.10