Reexamination of Five Caddisfly Species (Trichoptera, Insecta) Recorded from South Korea by Kobayashi (1989)

Abstract

The specimens of caddisflies previously recorded as Sortosa distincta (Walker, 1852), Rhyacophila uchidai Kobayashi, 1989, Rhyacophila jirisana Kobayashi, 1989, Crunobiodes koriaensis Kobayashi, 1989, and Ganonema odaenum Kobayashi, 1989 from South Korea were reexamined. Rhyacophila uchidai and R. jirisana are newly synonymized with R. retracta Martynov, 1914 and R. vicina Botosaneanu, 1970, respectively. We reconfirm two synonyms, C. koriaensis with Lepidostoma sinuatum (Martynov, 1935) and G. odaenum with Psilotreta locumtenens Botosaneanu, 1970, and a misidentification of Dolophilodes affinis Levanidova and Arefina, 1996 as S. distincta. Some specimens recorded as G. odaenum are identified as Psilotreta falcula Botosaneanu, 1970.

INTRODUCTION

Kobayashi (1989) studied caddisflies collected from South Korea, and added five species to the fauna of the Korean Peninsula: Sortosa distincta (Walker, 1852), Rhyacophila uchidai Kobayashi, 1989, Rhyacophila jirisana Kobayashi, 1989, Crunobiodes koriaensis Kobayashi, 1989, and Ganonema odaenum Kobayashi, 1989. After that, Arefina et al.(1996) pointed out that the species recorded as S. distincta is the same species as Dolophilodes affinis Levanidova and Arefina, 1996. Subsequently, Ito (2001) synonymized C. koriaensis with Goerodes sinuatus(Martynov, 1935), and Oláh and Johanson (2010) synonymized G. odaenum with Psilotreta locumtenens Botosaneanu, 1970. However, the specimens used by Kobayashi (1989) were not examined in these more recent studies. Furthermore, Malicky (2013) mentioned a possibility that R. uchidai belongs to the genus Himalopsyche. The male genitalia of R. jirisana illustrated by Kobayashi(1989) are similar to those of R. vicina Botosaneanu, 1970. Kobayashi did not provide diagnostic characteristics separating his species from allied species.

To solve these taxonomic problems, we examined all the specimens of these five species used by Kobayashi (1989), and recognize six species. In this paper, R. uchidai and R. jirisana are synonymized with R. retracta Martynov, 1914 and R. vicina, respectively. Furthermore, we reconfirm synonyms proposed by Ito (2001) and Oláh and Johanson (2010), and a misidentification mentioned by Arefina et al.(1996). We also report that some specimens recorded as G. odaenum are misidentifications of Psilotreta falcula Botosaneanu, 1970.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Specimens examined in this study are deposited in the Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba (Fig. 1). Male(s) and female(s) of each species are preserved separately in a small glass tube with a handwritten label “number+♂ or ♀,” and a male abdomen or a male and female abdomens together are also preserved in a small glass tube separated from his or her body with a handwritten label “number+♂ or ♂♀.” These tubes are kept in a vial with a handwritten label (Fig. 1A, C, D) or directly in a large bottle used in the museum(Fig. 1B, E).

Fig. 1. Specimens used by Kobayashi (1989). A, Rhyacophila uchidai Kobayashi, 1989; B, Rhyacophila jirisana Kobayashi, 1989; C, Sortosa distincta (sensu Kobayashi, 1989); D, Crunobiodes koriaensis Kobayashi, 1989; E, Ganonema odaenum Kobayashi, 1989.

SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNTS

Order Trichoptera Kirby, 1813

Family Rhyacophilidae Stephens, 1836

Genus Rhyacophila Pictet, 1834

Rhyacophila retracta Martynov, 1914 (Figs. 1A, 2A-C)

Rhyacophila retracta Martynov, 1914: 75-77, male.

Rhyacophila uenoi Tsuda, 1940: 123-124, male. Synonymized by Ross(1956).

Rhyacophila uchidai Kobayashi: 1989, 4-5, male. Syn. nov.

Material examined (Fig. 1A). Rhyacophila uchidai: holotypemale (abdomen separated) with hand written label “7633♂.”Male genitalic morphology (Fig. 2A-C). Segment IX with three short lobes posterodorsally, median lobe wide in dorsal aspect, curved ventrad. Segment X rectangular in dorsal aspect, each lateral margin protruding posterodorsally. Anal sclerite weakly bilobed apically in dorsal aspect, apices dark pigmented. Inferior appendages large, basal segment rectangular in lateral aspect, distal segment thumb-like in lateral aspect, dorsal margin concaved in lateral aspect. Pair of parameres very long (apical half of left one lost), with acute apex.Remarks. Kobayashi (1989) described R. uchidai based on a single male collected from Mt. Gayasan, Gyeongsangnamdo on 25 May 1983 by S. Uchida, and designated it as the holotype. We examined this male, and conclude that R. uchidai is the same species as R. retracta. The genitalic morphology of Kobayashi’s male agrees well with that in the original description by Martynov (1914), and also those in redescriptions by Ross(1956), Schmid (1970), Emoto (1979), and Arefina (1997). Rhyacophila retracta is widely distributed from Central Asia to Far East Asia including Korea (Morse, 2018). No related species are known from Korea.

Fig. 2. Male genitalia of Rhyacophila uchidai Kobayashi, 1989 and Rhyacophila jirisana Kobayashi, 1989. A-C, R. uchidai: A, Lateral; B, Lateral; C, Dorsal. D-F, R. jirisana: D, Dorsal; E, Lateral; F, Dorsal. IX-X, abdominal segments IX-X; a.s., anal sclerite; i.a., inferior appendage; pa., paramere.

1*Rhyacophila vicina Botosaneanu, 1970(Figs. 1B, 2D-F)

Rhyacophila vicina Botosaneanu, 1970: 287-288, 327, male, female.

Rhyacophila jirisana Kobayashi, 1989: 4, 6, male. Syn. nov.

Material examined (Fig. 1B). Rhyacophila jirisana: 1 male and 1 female abdomens labeled “7598♂♀” in large bottle labeled “HOLOTYPE”; 3 males(1 abdomen lacking) labeled “7598♂,” 3 females(1 abdomen lacking), labeled, “7598♀” in large bottle “PARATYPE”; 16 males, 3 females labeled “7613♂,” “7613♀,” or “7613♂♀” in large bottle labeled “PARATYPE.”

Male genitalic morphology (Fig. 2D-F). Segment X long triangular in lateral aspect, bilobed from basal 1/3, forcepslike in dorsal aspect. Anal sclerite long, round apex with median slit in dorsal aspect. Inferior appendages short rectangular in lateral aspect, basal segment with acute posterodorsal projection, curved mesad; distal segment bilobed, dorsal lobe longer than ventral lobe, each apex round in lateral aspect.

Remarks. Kobayashi (1989) used 19 males and six females collected from Mt. Jirisan, Gyeongsangnam-do on 29 May 1983 for the original description, and designated one of the males as the holotype (7598). Although he probably used a cleared male abdomen in the tube labeled “7598♂♀” (Fig. 1B left) for his description, three males also bears the same number as “7598♂.” However, all males and females used in his study agree well with those of R. vicina described from North Korea by Botosaneanu (1970). Although we did not examine the holotype of R. vicina, R. jirisana must be a junior synonym of R. vicina. R. vicina is similar to a Korean species, Rhyacophila confissa Botosaneanu, 1970, but easily distinguished from the latter by the shape of segment X in dorsal aspect: Segment X is bilobed from basal 1/3 in R. vicina, but 2/3 in R. confissa. Rhyacophila vicina and R. confissa are sympatrically distributed in the Korean Peninsula (Botosaneanu, 1970; Ko and Park, 1988).

Family Philopotamidae Stephens, 1829

Genus Dolophilodes Ulmer, 1909

1*Dolophilodes affinis Levanidova and Arefina, 1996(Fig. 1C)

Dolophilodes affinis Levanidova and Arefina, 1996 (in Arefina et al., 1996), 2-3, male, female.

Sortosa distincta (Walker, 1852): Kobayashi, 1989, 2, male. Misidentification mentioned by Arefina et al.(1996).

Material examined (Fig. 1C). 2 males and 2 females labeled “7612♂,” “7612♀,” or “7612♂♀”; 1 female labeled as “7599♀.”

Remarks. Kobayashi (1989) recorded S. distincta from Mt. Jirisan, Gyeongsangnam-do based on two males and two females numbered “7612.” We examined these specimens and another female with a hand written label “7599♀” in the samevial labeled “Philopotami., 7599♀, 7612♂♀.” Although the latter female was not used in Kobayashi(1989), we recognize all the males and females as D. affinis.

Family Lepidostomatidae Ulmer, 1903

Genus Lepidostoma Rambur, 1842

Lepidostoma sinuatum (Martynov, 1935)(Fig. 1D)

Crunobiodes sinuata Martynov, 1935: 208, 376-379, male.

Crunobiodes koriaensis Kobayashi, 1989: 6-7, male. Synonymized by Ito (2001).

Material examined (Fig. 1D). 3 males labeled “7621♂.”

Remarks. Kobayashi (1989) described C. koriaensis based on a single male collected from Mt. Gayasan, Gyeongsangnam-do on 25 May 1983, and designated the male as the holotype. However, we found three males in a vial labeled “Lepidostoma 7621♂.” In the vial, one abdomen was preserved in a tube separate from the body. Although the holotype was not specified in these specimens, all males agree with the description by Kobayashi(1989). We agree with Ito’s conclusion (2001) that Kobayashi’s C. koriaensis is the same as L. sinuatum.

Family Odontoceridae Wallengren, 1891

Genus Psilotreta Banks, 1899

Psilotreta locumtenens Botosaneanu, 1970 (Fig. 1E)Psilotreta locumtenens Botosaneanu, 1970: 313-314, 316, 358-359, male, female.

Ganonema odaenum Kobayashi, 1989: 7-8, male. Synonymized by Oláh and Johanson (2010).

Material examined (Fig. 1E). 7 males and 5 females labeled “7638♂,” “7638♀,” or “7638♂♀.”

Remarks. Kobayashi (1989) described G. odaenum based on specimens collected from three sites. He designated one male as the holotype and six males and five females as paratypes, all collected from Mt. Odaesan, Gangwon-do on 1 Jun 1983. Although the holotype was not clearly discriminated among these specimens, one of seven males must be the holotype. We determined all seven males and five females to be P. locumtenens.

Additionally, he also used three males and three females collected from Mt. Gayasan, Gyeongsangnam-do (7617, 7632)and one male from Mt. Jirisan, Gyeongsangnam-do (7611) in his description. However, these specimens do not belong to P. locumtenens. We identified them as Psilotreta falculaBotosaneanu, 1970.

Psilotreta falcula Botosaneanu, 1970Psilotreta falcula Botosaneanu, 1970: 314-316, 357, 359.Ganonema odaenum Kobayashi, 1989: Kobayashi, 1989 (in part), 8. Misidentification.

Material examined. 1 male labeled as “7611♂”; 3 males and 3 females labeled “7617♂,” “7617♀,” “7617♂♀,” “7632♂,” “7632♀,” or “7632♂♀.”

Remarks. See remarks of P. locumtenens.