Geomechanics and Engineering

  • 제17권2호
  • /
  • Pages.165-173
  • /
  • 2019
  • /
  • 2005-307X(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2092-6219(eISSN)
테크노프레스 (Techno-Press)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Response of square anchor plates embedded in reinforced soft clay subjected to cyclic loading

  • Biradar, Jagdish (Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras) ;
  • Banerjee, Subhadeep (Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras) ;
  • Shankar, Ravi (Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras) ;
  • Ghosh, Poulami (Department of Civil Engineering, Jadavpur University) ;
  • Mukherjee, Sibapriya (Department of Civil Engineering, Jadavpur University) ;
  • Fatahi, Behzad (School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS))
  • 투고 : 2018.07.18
  • 심사 : 2019.01.10
  • 발행 : 2019.02.10
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Plate anchors are generally used for structures like transmission towers, mooring systems etc. where the uplift and lateral forces are expected to be predominant. The capacity of anchor plate can be increased by the use of geosynthetics without altering the size of plates. Numerical simulations have been carried out on three different sizes of square anchor plates. A single layer geosynthetic has been used as reinforcement in the analysis and placed at three different positions from the plate. The effects of various parameters like embedment ratio, position of reinforcement, width of reinforcement, frequency and loading amplitude on the pull out capacity have been presented in this study. The load-displacement behaviour of anchors for various embedment ratios with and without reinforcement has been also observed. The pull out load, corresponding to a displacement equal to each of the considered maximum amplitudes of a given frequency, has been expressed in terms of a dimensionless breakout factor. The pull out load for all anchors has been found to increase by more than 100% with embedment ratio varying from 1 to 6. Finally a semi empirical formulation for breakout factor for square anchors in reinforced soil has also been proposed by carrying out regression analysis on the data obtained from numerical simulations.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. ABAQUS (2014), ABAQUS 6.14 User's Manual.
  2. Alamshahi, S. and Hataf, N. (2009), "Bearing capacity of strip footings on sand slopes reinforced with geogrid and gridanchor", Geotext. Geomembr., 27(3), 217-226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2008.11.011
  3. Banerjee, S. and Mahadevuni, N. (2017), "Pull-out behaviour of square anchor plates in reinforced soft clay", Int. J. Geosynth. Ground Eng., 3(3), 25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40891-017-0101-y
  4. Basudhar, P., Saha, S. and Deb, K. (2007), "Circular footings resting on geotextile-reinforced sand bed", Geotext. Geomembr., 25(6), 377-384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2006.09.003
  5. Bhandari, A. and Han, J. (2010), "Investigation of geotextile-soil interaction under a cyclic vertical load using the discrete element method", Geotext. Geomembr., 28(1), 33-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2009.09.005
  6. Bhattacharya, P. and Sahoo, S. (2017), "Uplift capacity of horizontal anchor plate embedded near to the cohesionless slope by limit analysis", Geomech. Eng., 13(4), 701-714. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2017.13.4.701
  7. Bhattacharya, P. (2017), "Pullout capacity of shallow inclined anchor in anisotropic and nonhomogeneous undrained clay", Geomech. Eng., 13(5), 825-844. https://doi.org/10.12989/GAE.2017.13.5.825
  8. Bhattacharya, P. and Roy, A. (2016), "Improvement in uplift capacity of horizontal circular anchor plate in undrained clay by granular column", Geomech. Eng., 10(5), 617-633. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2016.10.5.617
  9. Bhattacharya, P. and Kumar, J. (2013), "Horizontal pullout capacity of a group of two vertical plate anchors in clay", Geomech. Eng., 5(4), 299-312. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2013.5.4.299
  10. Bhattacharya, P. (2010), "Pullout behaviour of anchor plates in soft clay with geosynthetic reinforcement", Ph.D Dissertation, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India.
  11. Bhattacharya, P., Debjit, B., Mukherjee, S.P. and Chattopadhyay, B.C. (2008), "Pullout behaviour of square anchors in reinforced clay", Proceedings of the 12th International Conference of International Association for Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics, Goa, India, October.
  12. Biswas, S. and Mittal, S. (2017), "Square footing on geocell reinforced cohesionless soils", Geomech. Eng., 13(4), 641-651. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2017.13.4.641
  13. Chakraborty, D. and Kumar, J. (2012), "Bearing capacity of strip foundations in reinforced soils", Int. J. Geomech., 14(1), 45-58. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000275
  14. Choudhury, D. and Rao, K.S.S. (2004), "Seismic uplift capacity of strip anchors in soil", Geotech. Geol. Eng., 22(1), 59-72. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:GEGE.0000014003.69378.6a
  15. Choudhury, D. and Rao, K.S.S. (2005), "Seismic uplift capacity of inclined strip anchors", Can. Geotech. J., 42(1), 263-271. https://doi.org/10.1139/t04-074
  16. Choudhury, D. and Rao, K.S.S. (2007), "Generalized solution for seismic uplift capacity of strip anchors using pseudo-static approach", J. Earthq. Tsunami, 1(4), 311-328. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1793431107000171
  17. Choudhary, A.K. and Dash, S.K. (2013), "Uplift behaviour of horizontal plate anchors embedded in geocell-reinforced sand", Proceedings of the Indian Geotechnical Conference, Roorkee, India, December.
  18. Das, T.K., Chattopadhyay, B.C. and Roy, S. (2013), "Pull-out capacity of plate anchors with coaxial geotextile reinforcement", Ann. Pure Appl. Math., 5(1), 53-63.
  19. Demir, A. and Ok, B. (2015), "Uplift response of multi-plate helical anchors in cohesive soil", Geomech. Eng., 8(4), 615-630. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2015.8.4.615
  20. Dickin, E.A. (1988), "Uplift behavior of horizontal anchor plates in sand", J. Geotech. Eng., 114(11), 1300-1317. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1988)114:11(1300)
  21. Emirler, B., Tolun, M. and Laman, M. (2016), "Experimental investigation of the uplift capacity of group anchor plates embedded in sand", Geomech. Eng., 11(5), 691-711. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2016.11.5.691
  22. Ghosh, B., Fatahi, B., Khabbaz, H. and Yin, J.H. (2017), "Analytical study for double-layer geosynthetic reinforced load transfer platform on column improved soft soil", Geotext. Geomembr., 45(5), 508-536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2017.06.006
  23. Kame, G.S., Dewaikar, D.M. and Choudhury, D. (2012), "Pullout capacity of vertical plate anchors in cohesion-less soil", Geomech. Eng., 4(2), 105-120. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2012.4.2.105
  24. Keskin, M.S. (2015), "Model studies of uplift capacity behavior of square plate anchors in geogrid-reinforced sand", Geomech. Eng., 8(4), 595-613. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2015.8.4.595
  25. Khan, A. J., Mostofa, G. and Jadid, R. (2017), "Pullout resistance of concrete anchor block embedded in cohesionless soil", Geomech. Eng., 12(4), 675-688. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2017.12.4.675
  26. Krishnaswamy, N.R. and Parashar, S.P. (1994), "Uplift behavior of plate anchors with geosynthetics", Geotext. Geomembr., 13(2), 67-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/0266-1144(94)90040-X
  27. Munoz, H., Tatsuoka, F., Hirakawa, D., Nishikiori, H., Soma, R., Tateyama, M. and Watanabe, K. (2012), "Dynamic stability of geosynthetic-reinforced soil integral bridge", Geosynth. Int., 19(1), 11-38. https://doi.org/10.1680/gein.2012.19.1.11
  28. Niroumand, H. and Kassim, K.A. (2014a), "Square plates as symmetrical anchor plates under uplift test in loose sand", Geomech. Eng., 6(6), 593-612. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2014.6.6.593
  29. Niroumand, H. and Kassim, K.A. (2014b), "Uplift response of circular plates as symmetrical anchor plates in loose sand", Geomech. Eng., 6(4), 321-340. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2014.6.4.321
  30. Niroumand, H. and Kassim, K.A. (2014c), "Experimental and numerical modeling of uplift behavior of rectangular plates in cohesionless soil", Geomech. Eng., 6(4), 341-358. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2014.6.4.341
  31. Niroumand, H. and Kassim, K.A. (2013), "A review on uplift response of symmetrical anchor plates embedded in reinforced sand", Geomech. Eng., 5(3), 187-194. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2013.5.3.187
  32. Nouri, H., Biscontin, G. and Aubeny, C.P. (2017), "Numerical prediction of undrained response of plate anchors under combined translation and torsion", Comput. Geotech., 81, 39-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2016.07.008
  33. O'Kelly, B.C., Brinkgreve, R.B.J. and Sivakumar, V. (2014), "Pullout resistance of granular anchors in clay for undrained condition", Soil. Found., 54(6), 1145-1158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2014.11.009
  34. Pain, A., Choudhury, D. and Bhattacharyya, S.K. (2016), "Seismic uplift capacity of horizontal strip anchors using modified pseudo-dynamic approach", Int. J. Geomech., 16(1), 1-12.
  35. Rangari, S.M., Choudhury, D. and Dewaikar, D.M. (2011), "Pseudo-static uplift capacity of horizontal strip anchor", Proceedings of the Geo-Frontiers 2011: Advances in Geotechnical Engineering, Dallas, Texas, U.S.A., March.
  36. Rangari, S. M., Choudhury, D. and Dewaikar, D.M. (2012a), "Pseudo-static uplift capacity of obliquely loaded horizontal strip anchor in cohesionless soil", Proceedings of the GeoCongress 2012: State of the Art and Practice in Geotechnical Engineering, Oakland, California, U.S.A., March.
  37. Rangari, S.M., Choudhury, D. and Dewaikar, D.M. (2012b), "Effects of pullout direction and anchor inclination on computation of pseudo-static uplift capacity for strip anchors in sand", Disaster Adv., 5(4), 9-16.
  38. Rangari, S.M., Choudhury, D. and Dewaikar, D.M. (2013a), "Seismic uplift capacity of shallow horizontal strip anchor under oblique load using pseudo-dynamic approach", Soil. Found., 53(5), 692-707. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2013.08.007
  39. Rangari, S.M., Choudhury, D. and Dewaikar, D.M. (2013b), "Estimation of seismic uplift capacity of horizontal strip anchors using pseudo-dynamic approach", KSCE J. Civ. Eng., 17(5), 989-1000. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-013-0046-1
  40. Ravichandran, P.T., Mohammed, T.M. and Ilamparuthi, K. (2008), "Study on uplift behaviour of plate anchors under monotonic and cyclic loading in geogrid reinforced sand bed", Proceedings of the 12th International Conference of International Association for Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics, Goa, India, October.
  41. Sharma, R., Chen, Q., Abu-Farsakh, M. and Yoon, S. (2009), "Analytical modeling of geogrid reinforced soil foundation", Geotext. Geomembr., 27(1), 63-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2008.07.002
  42. Shukla, S.K. and Chandra, S. (1994), "A generalized mechanical model for geosynthetic-reinforced foundation soil", Geotext. Geomembr., 13(12), 813-825. https://doi.org/10.1016/0266-1144(94)00018-9
  43. Viggiani, G. and Atkinson, J.H. (1995), "Stiffness of fine grained soil at very small strains", Geotechnique, 45(2), 249-265. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1995.45.2.249
  44. Vucetic M. and Dobry, R. (1991), "Effect of soil plasticity on cyclic response", J. Geotech. Eng., 117(1), 89-107. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1991)117:1(89)
  45. Xu, R. and Fatahi, B. (2018), "Influence of geotextile arrangement on seismic performance of mid-rise buildings subjected to MCE shaking", Geotext. Geomembr., 46(4), 511-528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2018.04.004
  46. Yoo, C. (2001), "Laboratory investigation of bearing capacity behavior of strip footing on geogrid-reinforced sand slope", Geotext. Geomembr., 19(5), 279-298. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-1144(01)00009-7
  47. Yu, Y. and Bathurst, R.J. (2016), "Influence of selection of soil and interface properties on numerical results of two soilgeosynthetic interaction problems", Int. J. Geomech., 17(6), 04016136.
  48. Yu, L., Zhou, Q. and Liu, L. (2015), "Experimental study on the stability of plate anchors in clay under cyclic loading", Theor. Appl. Mech. Lett., 5(2), 93-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taml.2015.02.005
  49. Zhao, X., Randolph, M.F., Wang, D. and Gaudin, C (2015), "Upper bound analysis of uplift capacity of a tapered plate anchor in cohesive soil", Geotech. Lett., 5(3), 205-211. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgele.15.00043