Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers (한국추진공학회지)

The Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers (한국추진공학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Current Status and Trends of Research and Development on Electric Thruster, Part I: Overseas

전기추력기 연구개발 현황과 동향, Part I: 해외

  • Kim, Holak (Satellite Mechanical and Control Team, Korea Aerospace Research Institute) ;
  • Kim, Su-Kyum (Satellite Mechanical and Control Team, Korea Aerospace Research Institute) ;
  • Won, Su-Hee (Satellite Mechanical and Control Team, Korea Aerospace Research Institute)
  • Received : 2019.08.20
  • Accepted : 2019.10.14
  • Published : 2019.12.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Electric propulsion is a type of space propulsion with a high specific impulse by accelerating propellant using electrical energy and brings about reduction of the fuel mass and launch costs of satellites so that it is being extensively studied in the world. Electric thrusters are widely used for various purposes from micro satellites to large satellites and from low Earth orbit satellites to spacecraft for exploration. Recently, satellites using full-electric propulsion have been developed, and the number of satellites with electric propulsion is also gradually increasing. In this paper, the current status and trends of research on electric propulsion in the United States, Europe, and Japan will be reported.

전기추진은 전기에너지를 이용하여 연료를 빠른 속도로 분사시켜 높은 비추력을 갖는 추진방식으로, 위성의 연료무게를 크게 감소시켜 발사비용 감소와 탑재체 무게를 증가 시킬 수 있어 세계적으로 매우 활발하게 연구되고 있다. 최근에는, 초소형위성부터 대형위성, 저궤도위성부터, 우주탐사선까지 다양한 목적으로 전기추력기가 활용되고 있으며, 완전전기추진을 이용하여 위성임무를 수행하고자 하는 위성들도 개발되어 점차 그 수가 증가하고 있다. 본 논문에서는, 세계적으로 연구가 가장 활발하게 진행되고 있는 미국, 유럽, 일본에서의 전기추력기 연구개발 현황과 동향에 대해서 살펴보고자 한다.

Keywords

References

  1. Kim, H., "Multiply Charged Ion Generation and Effects on Performance and Ion Beam Characteristics in Hall Thruster Plasmas," Ph. D. Dissertation, Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea, 2017.
  2. Goebel., D.M. and Katz, I., Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion: Ion and Hall Thrusters, vol. 1, John Wiley & Sons, 2008.
  3. Stephens, G.L., Vane, D.G., Boain, R.J., Mace, G.G., Sassen, K., Wang, Z., Illingworth, A.J., O'Connor, E.J., Rossow, W.B., Durden, S.L., Miller, S.D., Austin, R.T., Benedetti, A., Mitrescu, C., and the CloudSat Science Team., "The CloudSat Mission and the A-Train: A New Dimension of Space-based Observations of Clouds and Precipitation," Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 83, pp. 1771-1790, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-83-12-1771
  4. Micci, M.M. "Micropropulsion for Small Spacecraft," Vol. 187, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2000.
  5. Miller, D. and Spores, R., "Proceedings of the Formation Flying and Micropropulsion Workshop," Unpublished, Oct, pp. 20-21, 1998.
  6. Wertz, J.R. and Larson, W.J., eds., Space Mission Analysis and Design, Torrance, California: Microcosm Press, 1999.
  7. Garner, C.E. and Rayman, M.D., "In-Flight Operation of the Dawn Ion Propulsion System Through Completion of Dawn's Primary Mission," AIAA Propulsion and Energy Forum, 52nd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference, 2016.
  8. Garner, C.E., Rayman, M.D., and Brophy, J.R., "In-Flight Operation of the Dawn Ion Propulsion System Through Year One of Cruise to Ceres," 30th International Symposium on Space Technology and Science, 34th International Electric Propulsion Conference (IEPC) and 6th Nano-satellite Symposium, Japan, 2015.
  9. Racca, G., "An Overview of the SMART-1 Mission," 50th IAF Congress, 1999.
  10. Racca, G., "European Electric Propulsion Activities and Programmes," Acta Astronautica 47.2-9, 2000.
  11. Komurasaki, K. and Kuninaka, H., "Overview of Electric Propulsion Activities in Japan," 43rd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit, USA, 2007.
  12. Takegahara, H., Kuninaka, H., Funaki, I., Ando, A., Komurasaki., K., Koizumi., H., Schonherr., T., Shinohara, S., Tanikawa, T., Nakano, M., Nakayama, Y., Sasoh, A., Miyasaka, T., Tahara, H., Yamamoto, N., and Kakami., A., "Overview of Electric Propulsion Research Activities in Japan," 30th International Symposium on Space Technology and Science, 34th International Electric Propulsion Conference and 6th Nanosatellite Symposium, Japan, 2015.
  13. Gonzalez, J.A., "Activities on Electric Propulsion at ESA," SPACE PROPULSION, 2016.
  14. Gonzalez, J.A., "European Space Agency (ESA) Electric Propulsion Activities," SPACE PROPULSION, 2018.
  15. Schmidt, G., Jacobson, D., Patterson, M., Ganapathi, G., Brophy, J., and Hofer, R., "Electric Propulsion Research and Development at NASA," SPACE PROPULSION, 2018.
  16. World Wide Web location https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/infographics/infographic.view.php?id=10751
  17. Brophy, J.R., Etters, M.A., Gates, J., Garner, C.E., Klatte, M., Lo, C.J., Marcucci, M.G., Mikes, S., Mizukami, M., Nakazono, B., and Pixler, G., "The Dawn Ion Propulsion System-Getting to Launch," the 30th International Electric Propulsion Conference, Italy, 2007.
  18. Brophy, J.R., Marcucci, M.G., Ganapathi, G. B., Gates, J., Garner, C.E., Klatte, M., Lo, J., Nakazono, B., and Pixler, G., "Implementation of the Dawn Ion Propulsion System," 41st AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit, USA, 2005.
  19. Sovey, J.S., Rawlin, V.K., and Patterson, M. J., “Ion Propulsion Development Projects in U. S.: Space Electric Rocket Test 1 to Deep Space 1,” Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 517-526, 2001. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.5806
  20. World Wide Web location https://www.nasa.gov/planetarydefense/dart
  21. Jackson, J., Allen, M., and Myers, R., "100 kW Nested Hall Thruster System Development," 35th International Electric Propulsion Conference, IEPC-219, USA, 2017.
  22. Glover, T.W., Chang Diaz, F.R., Squire, J.P., Jacobson, V.P., Chavers, D.G., and Carter, M.D., "Principal VASIMR Results and Present Objectives," In AIP Conference Proceedings, Vol. 746, No. 1, pp. 976-982. AIP, 2005.
  23. Slough, J., Kirtley, D., and Weber, T., "Pulsed Plasmoid Propulsion: The ELF Thruster", The 31th International Electric Propulsion Conference, IEPC-265, 2009.
  24. World Wide Web location https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/lunar-icecube-totake-on-big-mission-from-small-package
  25. World Wide Web location http://www.busek.com/index_htm_files/70010819%20RevA%20Data%20Sheet%20for%20BIT-3%20Ion%20Thruster.pdf
  26. Herman, D.A., Tofil, T.A., Santiago, W., Kamhawi, H., Polk, J.E., Snyder, J.S., and Allen, M., "Overview of the Development and Mission Application of the Advanced Electric Propulsion System (AEPS)," NASA/TM-2018-219761, 2018.
  27. World Wide Web location https://spacenews.com/op-ed-lunar-gateway-or-moon-direct/
  28. World Wide Web location https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/20180327-crusan-nac-heoc-v8.pdf
  29. World Wide Web location http://pepl.engin.umich.edu/
  30. Mikellides, I.G., Katz, I., Hofer, R.R., and Goebel, D.M., "Magnetic Shielding of a Laboratory Hall Thruster. I. Theory and Validation," Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 115, No. 4, 043303, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4862313
  31. Hofer, R.R., Goebel, D.M., Mikellides, I.G., and Katz, I., "Magnetic Shielding of a Laboratory Hall Thruster. II. Experiments," Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 115, No. 4, 043304, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4862314
  32. World Wide Web location http://www.apcon.aero/news/boeing702.pdf
  33. World Wide Web location https://www2.l3t.com/edd/pdfs/datasheets/EP_Thrusters-XIPS_PPU%20Overview%20datasheet.pdf
  34. Gonzalez, J.A., "Review of ESA Experimental Research Activities for Electric Propulsion," No. RTO-EN-AVT-194. EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY NOORDWIJK (NETHERLANDS), 2011.
  35. World Wide Web location https://www.safranaircraft-engines.com/space-engines/satellites/PPS-1350-g
  36. World Wide Web location http://www.esa.int/esapub/bulletin/bulletin129/bul129e_estublier.pdf
  37. Gray, H.L., Randall, P.N., Chan, K.K., and Giannetti, V., "Flexible Operations of the Bepicolombo Electric Propulsion System," Space Propulsion, 2018.
  38. World Wide Web location https://www.ohbsystem.de/electra-358.html
  39. World Wide Web location https://neosat.cnes.fr/en/neosat-0
  40. World Wide Web location http://www.divaportal.org/smash/get/diva2:1287127/FULLTEXT01.pdf
  41. Luebberstedt, H., Bastante, J.C., Lau, M., Beekmans, S., de Tata, M., and Schneider, A., "Electra-Full Electric Propulsion Satellite Platform for GEO Missions," (2017).
  42. World Wide Web location https://www.esa.int/spaceinimages/Images/1998/01/SMART-1_plasma_thruster
  43. World Wide Web location https://www.qinetiq.com/what-we-do/space/electric-propulsion
  44. Komurasaki, K. and Kuninaka, H., "Overview of Electric Propulsion Activities in Japan," 43rd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit, USA, 2007.
  45. Saito, Y., Kinefuchi, K., Nagao, Noki., and Okita, K., "R&D Activities of Electric Propulsion in Japan," 34th International Electric Propulsion Conference and 6th Nano-satellite Symposium, IEPC-28, 2015.
  46. Nishiyama, K., Hosoda, S., Ueno, K., Tsukizaki, R., and Kuninaka, H., "Development and Testing of the Hayabusa2 Ion Engine System," 34th International Electric Propulsion Conference and 6th Nano-satellite Symposium, IEPC-333, 2015.
  47. World Wide Web location https://directory.eoportal.org/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/s/slats
  48. Funaki, I., Iihara, S., Cho, S.,, Kubota, K., Hiroki, W., Fuchigami, K., and Tashiro, Y., "Hall Thruster Development for All-electric Propulsion Satellite and Deep Space Explorers," The 8th Asian Joint Conference on Propulsion and Power, AJCPP-047, 2016.
  49. World Wide Web location https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/ets-9.htm
  50. Takegahara, H., Kuninaka, H., Funaki, I., Ando, A., Komurasaki, K., Koizumi, H., Schoenherr, T., Shinohara, S., Tanikawa, T., Nakano, M., and Nakayama, Y., "Overview of Electric Propulsion Research Activities in Japan," 34th International Electric Propulsion Conference and 6th Nano-satellite Symposium, IEPC-01, 2015.
  51. Hamada, Y., Kawashima, R., Komurasaki, K., Yamamoto, N., Tahara, H., and Miyasaka, T., "Development Status of 5 kW Class Anode-Layer Type Hall thruster: RAIJIN94," the 35th International Electric Propulsion Conference, IEPC-412, 2017.