DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Applying design thinking to the educational problems: A student-centered instructional approach and practice in an undergraduate course

  • Received : 2019.04.05
  • Accepted : 2019.04.27
  • Published : 2019.04.30

Abstract

The aim of this study is to provide the values and descriptive implications of the Design Thinking (DT) method into the context of educational problems of practice in an undergraduate course. To achieve the research objective, both quantitative and qualitative studies were conducted. For the qualitative study, the student's productions and reflections on the experience of the application of the DT into educational problems were analyzed. For the quantitative research, one-group pre and post-test were designed to validate the effectiveness of the DT method into educational contexts in terms of creativity level to measure the student's Creativity Potential and Practiced Creativity, Academic Self-Efficacy Scale, and Problem-Solving Inventory. This study validated that the DT method had a statistically significant influence on those three competencies and also illustrated the detailed process from a qualitative viewpoint. The results and implications reflect the potential of the DT approach with the educational problem of practice, especially, in the ill-structured problem-solving contexts for student-centered instructional setting.

Keywords

References

  1. Bell, S. (2010). Project-based learning for the 21st century: Skills for the future, the Clearing House, 83, 39-43.
  2. Brown, T. (2008). Design Thinking, Harvard business review, 86(6), 84-92.
  3. Brown, T., & Wyat, J. (2010). Design Thinking for Social Innovation, Stanford Social Innovation Review, Winter 2010.
  4. Brown, T. (2011). Why Social Innovators Need Design Thinking, Stanford Social Innovation Review Blog, 2011. http://www.ssireview.org
  5. Buchanan, R. (1992). Wicked Problems in Design Thinking, Design Issues, 8(2), 5-21.
  6. Calonge, D. S., & Safiullin, A. F., (Lee, E.) (2015) Can culturally, disciplinarily and educationally diverse (D3) teams function and be creative? A case study in a Korean university, Educational Studies, 41(4), 369-392.
  7. Carroll, M., Goldman, S., Britos, L., Koh, J., Royalty, A., & Hornstein, M. (2010). Destination, Imagination and the Fires Within: Design Thinking in a Middle School Classroom, International Journal of Art & Design Education, 29(1), 37-53.
  8. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.), Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.
  9. Cross, N. (2011). Design thinking: understanding how designers think and work. In R. M. Berg. (Eds.) (2009), The Design of Business, Harvard Business Press.
  10. Dam, R., & Siang, T. (2018) 5 stages in the design thinking processes, interaction design foundation, online published in https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/article/5-stages-in-the-design-thinking-process
  11. Diliello, T. C., & Houghton, J. D. (2008). Creative potential and practised creativity: Identifying untapped creativity in organizations, Creativity and Innovation Management, 17(1), 37-46.
  12. Dweck, C. S. (2006). Is math a gift? Beliefs that put females at risk, In S.J. Ceci & W. Williams (Eds.) (2006), Why aren't more women in science? Top researchers debate the evidence. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  13. Engberts, F., & Borgman, H. (2018). Application of Design Thinking for Service Innovation: Current Practices, Expectations and Adoption Barriers, Conference Proceedings: Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, January 2018, 1611-1620, DOI10.24251/HICSS.2018.201
  14. Gentry, E. (2000). Creating Student-centered, Problem-based Classrooms. In (Ed.), (p. ). Huntsville: University of Alabama in Huntsville. Retrieved February 10, 2003, from http://aspire.cs.uah.edu/
  15. Goodyear, V., & Dudley, D. (2015), "I'm a Facilitator of Learning!" Understanding What Teachers and Students Do Within Student-Centered Physical Education Models, Quest, 67(3), 274-289.
  16. Gulbahar, Y., & Tinmaz, H. (2006). Implementing Project-Based Learning and E-Portfolio Assessment in an Undergraduate Course, Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 38(3), 309-327.
  17. Hasso-Plattner Institute of Design at Stanford, (2018). d.school: Standford University, https://dschool.stanford.edu/
  18. Henriksen, D., Richardson, C., & Mehta, R. (2017). Design thinking: A creative approach to educational problems of practice, Thinking Skills and Creativity, 26, 140-153. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2017.10.001
  19. Heppner, P. P., & Petersen, C. H. (1982). The development and implications of a personal problem-solving inventory. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 29(1), 66-75.
  20. Hmelo-Silver, C. E. (2004). Problem-based learning: What and how do students learn?. Educational Technology Review, 16(3), 235-266.
  21. Hofstede, G., & Hofstede, G. J. (2005). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
  22. Kelley, T., & Kelley, D. (2013). Creative confidence: Unleashing the creative potential within us all. Crown Business.
  23. Kim, A.Y., & Park, I. Y. (2001). Construction and validation of academic self-efficacy scale, The journal of Educational Research, 39(1), 95-123.
  24. Kim, J., & Ryu, H. (2014). A Design Thinking Rationality Framework: Framing and Solving Design Problems in Early Concept Generation, Human-Computer Interaction, 29(5-6), 516-553, DOI: 10.1080/07370024.2014.89670
  25. Lee, S. E., & Kim, Y. M. (2018). The Effects of PBL Class on University Student's s Creative Problem Solving Competence, Self-efficacy and Class Participation, Journal of Educational Innovation Research, 28(2), 73-89.
  26. Lewis, S. (2015). The rise: Creativity, the gift of failure, and the search for mastery. Simon and Schuster.
  27. McLaughlan, R., & Lodge, J. M. (2018). Facilitating epistemic fluency through design thinking: a strategy for the broader application of studio pedagogy within higher education, Teaching in Higher Education, DOI: 10.1080/13562517.2018.1461621
  28. Na, J. Y. (2017). The effects of the PBL on teacher efficacy of pre-service early childhood teachers, Journal of thinking development, 13(1), 27-48.
  29. Noel, L., & Liub, T. L. (2016). Using Design Thinking to create a new education paradigm for elementary level children for higher student engagement and success. Proceedings of DRS 2016, Design Research Society 50th Anniversary Conference. Brighton, UK, 27-30 June 2016.
  30. Norton, P., & Hathaway, D. (2015). In search of a teacher education curriculum: appropriating a design lens to solve problems of practice. Educational Technology, 55(6), 3-14.
  31. Oh, E. K., & Nah, K. (2014). Design Thinking Process Model and its Application to Social Innovation, Journal of Korea Design Knowledge, 32, 31-44.
  32. P21(Partnership for 21st Century Learning) (2018). Framework for 21st Century Learning, http://www.p21.org/about-us/p21-framework
  33. Heppner, P. P., & Petersen, C. H. (1982). The development and implications of a personal problem solving inventory. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 29, 66-75.
  34. Pendleton-Jullian, A. M., & Brown, J. S. (2015). Design unbound: evolving design literacy pathways of efficacy. CreateSpace: a DBA of On-Demand Publishing, LLC.
  35. Rauth, I., Koppen, E., Jobst, B., & Meinel, C. (2010). Design thinking: an educational model towards creative confidence. DS 66-2: Proceedings of the 1st international conference on design creativity (ICDC 2010).
  36. Rose, D. H., & Meyer, A. (2002). Teaching every student in the digital age: Universal Design for Learning. ASCD.
  37. Runco, M. A. (1993). Divergent Thinking, Creativity, and Giftedness, Gifted Child Quarterly, 37(1), 16-22.
  38. Satici S. A., & Can, G. (2016). Investigating Academic Self-efficacy of University Students in Terms of Socio-demographic Variable, Universal Journal of Educational Research, 4(8), 1874-1880.
  39. SAP (2012). Introduction to Design Thinking, SAP User Experience Community, from https://experience.sap.com/skillup/introduction-to-design-thinking/
  40. Seo, E. K. (2017). Development of creative thinking and coding course method on Design Thinking using Flipped Learning, Journal of Learner-centered Curriculum and Instruction, 17(16), 173-199.
  41. Simon, H. A. (1916). The sciences of the artificial, 3rd edition, USA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
  42. Sweat, C., Blythe, H., & Carpenter, R. (2017). Why Design Thinking should matter to higher education, Part I, The National teaching & Learning Forum, 26(3), 5-7.
  43. Stokholm, M. (2014). Problem based learning versus design thinking in team based project work, Proceeding of International conference on engineering and product design education 4-5, September, 2014, University of Twente, the Netherlands.
  44. Trilling, B., & Fadel, C. (2009). 21st century skills: Learning for life in our times. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  45. Wrigley, C. & Straker, K. (2017). Design Thinking pedagogy: the Educational Design Ladder, Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 54(4), 374-385, DOI: 10.1080/14703297.2015.1108214