Earthquakes and Structures

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Experimental and numerical investigation of the seismic performance of railway piers with increasing longitudinal steel in plastic hinge area

  • Lu, Jinhua (School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University) ;
  • Chen, Xingchong (School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University) ;
  • Ding, Mingbo (School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University) ;
  • Zhang, Xiyin (School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University) ;
  • Liu, Zhengnan (School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University) ;
  • Yuan, Hao (School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University)
  • Received : 2019.05.29
  • Accepted : 2019.10.22
  • Published : 2019.12.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Bridge piers with bending failure mode are seriously damaged only in the area of plastic hinge length in earthquakes. For this situation, a modified method for the layout of longitudinal reinforcement is presented, i.e., the number of longitudinal reinforcement is increased in the area of plastic hinge length at the bottom of piers. The quasi-static test of three scaled model piers is carried out to investigate the local longitudinal reinforcement at the bottom of the pier on the seismic performance of the pier. One of the piers is modified by increased longitudinal reinforcement at the bottom of the pier and the other two are comparative piers. The results show that the pier failure with increased longitudinal bars at the bottom is mainly concentrated at the bottom of the pier, and the vulnerable position does not transfer. The hysteretic loop curve of the pier is fuller. The bearing capacity and energy dissipation capacity is obviously improved. The bond-slip displacement between steel bar and concrete decreases slightly. The finite element simulations have been carried out by using ANSYS, and the results indicate that the seismic performance of piers with only increasing the number of steel bars (less than65%) in the plastic hinge zone can be basically equivalent to that of piers that the number of steel bars in all sections is the same as that in plastic hinge zone.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : National Natural Science Foundation of China, National Natural Science Foundation of China for Young Scholar

References

  1. Aashto (1995), Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges 16 Edition, Washington, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Inc.
  2. Aboutaha, R.S., Engelhardt, M.D., Jirsa, J.O. and Kreger, M.E. (1996), "Retrofit of concrete columns with inadequate lap splices by the use of rectangular steel jackets", Earthq. Spectra, 12(4), 693-714. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1585906
  3. Aboutaha, R.S., Engelhardt, M.D., Jirsa, J.O. and Kreger, M.E. (1999), "Experimental investigation of seismic repair of lap splice failures in damaged concrete columns", ACI Struct. J., 96(2), 57-67.
  4. Abdelnaby, A.E., Frankie, T.M., Elnashai, A.S., Spencer, B.F., Kuchma, D.A., Silva, P. and Chang, C.M. (2014), "Numerical and hybrid analysis of a curved bridge and methods of numerical model calibration", Eng. Struct., 70, 234-245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.04.009.
  5. Association, J.R. (1996), Road and Bridge Display Book, Seismic Design Chapter:V, Japan Road Association, Tokyo.
  6. Bruneau, M., Wilson, J.C. and Tremblay, R. (1996), "Performance of steel bridges during the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu (Kobe, Japan) earthquake", Can. J. Civil Eng., 23(3), 678-713. https://doi.org/10.1139/l96-883.
  7. Caltrans (2006), Caltrans Seismic Design Criteria Version 14, Caltrans, Sacramento.
  8. CEN (European Committee for Standardization) (2005), Design of Structures for Earthquake Resistance, Part 2: Bridges, Eurocode 8, BS EN 1998-2.
  9. China (2008), Guidelines for seismic design of highway bridges.
  10. Ding, M., Chen, X., Zhang, X., Liu, Z. and Lu, J. (2018), "Study on seismic strengthening of railway bridge pier with cfrp and concrete jackets", Earthq. Struct., 15(3), 275-283. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2018.15.3.275.
  11. Dodd, L.L. and Restrepo-Posada, J.I. (1995), "Model of predicting cyclic behavior of reinforcing steel", J. Struct. Eng., ASCE, 121(3), 433-445. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1995)121:3(433).
  12. Ghosh, K.K. and Sheikh, S.A. (2007), "Seismic upgrade with carbon fiber-reinforced polymer of columns containing lap-spliced reinforcing bars", ACI Struct. J., 104(2), 227-236.
  13. Gooranorimi, O., Suaris, W. and Nanni, A. (2017). "A model for the bond-slip of a gfrp bar in concrete", Eng. Struct., 146, 34-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.05.034.
  14. Hall, J.F. (1995), "Northridge earthquake of January 17, 1994: Reconnaissance report, volume 1-highway bridges and traffic management", Earthq. Spectra, 11(3), 287-372. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1585851
  15. Han, T.S., Feenstra, P.H. and Billington, S.L. (2003), "Simulation of highly ductile fiber-reinforced cement-based composite components under cyclic loading", ACI Struct. J., 100(6), 749-757.
  16. Harries, K., Ricles, J., Pissiki, S. and Sause, R. (2006), "Seismic retrofit of lap splices in nonductile columns using cfrp jackets", ACI Struct. J., 103(6), 226-236.
  17. Iacobucci, R.D., Sheikh, S.A. and Bayrak, O. (2003), "Retrofit of square concrete columns with carbon fiber-reinforced polymer for seismic resistance", ACI Struct. J., 100(6), 785-794.
  18. Iwasaki, K., Hagiwara, T., Koyama, H. and Yoshaida, T. (1985), "Experimental investigation on hysteretic behavior of reinforced concrete columns", Proceedings of the Second Joint U.S. -Japan Workshop on Performance and Strengthening of Bridge Structures and Research Needs, San Francisco, CA.
  19. Jaradat, O.A., Mclean, D.I. and Marsh, M.L. (1998), "Performance of existing bridge columns under cyclic loading-part 1 experimental results and observed behavior", ACI Struct. J., 95(6), 695-704.
  20. Jaradat, O.A., Mclean, D.I. and Marsh, M.L. (1999), "Performance of existing bridge columns under cyclic loading-part 2: Analysis and comparisons with theory", ACI Struct. J., 96(1), 57-67.
  21. JGJ 101-96 (1997), Specification of Testing Methods for Earthquake Resistant Building.
  22. Jennings, P.C. (1971), "Engineering features of the san fernando earthquake of february 9", Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena.
  23. Jia, J., Song, N., Xu, Z., He, Z. and Bai, Y. (2015), "Structural damage distribution induced by wenchuan earthquake on 12th may, 2008", Earthq. Struct., 9(1), 93-109. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2015.9.1.093.
  24. Jiang, L., Shao, G., Jiang, J. and Wang, H. (2013), "Experimental study on seismic performance of solid piers with round ended cross-section in high-speed railway", China Civil Eng. J., 46(3), 86-95.
  25. Kunnath, S.K., El-Bahy, A., Taylor, A. and Stone, W. (1997), "Cumulative seismic damage of reinforced concrete bridge piers", Department of Commerce, Washington, USA.
  26. Kuochun, C., Dyiwei, C., Menghao, T. and Yuchi, S. (2000), "Seismic performance of highway bridges", Earthq. Eng. Eng. Seismol., 2(1), 55-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-0296(88)90002-8.
  27. Lee, C.S. and Han, S.W. (2019), "Cyclic behaviour of lightly-reinforced concrete columns with short lap splices subjected to unidirectional and bidirectional loadings", Eng. Struct., 189, 373-384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.03.108.
  28. Lehman, D., Moehle, J. and Mahin, S. (2004), "Experimental evaluation of the seismic performance of reinforced concrete bridge columns", J. Struct. Eng., 130(6), 869-879. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2004)130:6(869).
  29. Li, J. and Ding, M. (2019), "Shaking table test of reinforced concrete pier with longitudinal reinforcement encrypt in plastic hinge area", J. Railw. Sci. Eng., 16(7), 1-7.
  30. Lin, X. and Zhang, Y.X. (2013), "Bond-slip behaviour of frp-reinforced concrete beams", Constr. Build. Mater., 44(3), 110-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.03.023.
  31. Mander, J.B., Mahmoodzadegan, B., Bhadra, S. and Chen, S.S. (1996), "Seismic evaluation of a 30-year old non-ductile highway bridge pier and its retrofit", Department of Commerce, Washington.
  32. Mander, J.B., Priestley, M.J. and Park, R. (1988), "Theoretical stress-strain modal for confined concrete", J. Struct. Eng., 114(8), 1804-1826. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1988)114:8(1804).
  33. Meli, R., Baeza, J. and Rodrigue, M. (1984), "Hysteretic behavior of concrete flexural members with high strength steel", Eighth World Conferece on Earthquake Engineering.
  34. Mergos, P.E. and Kappos, A.J. (2015), "Estimating fixed-end rotations of reinforced concrete members at yielding and ultimate", Struct. Concrete, 16(4), 537-545. https://doi.org/10.1002/suco.201400067.
  35. Mousavi, S.S., Guizani, L. and Ouellet-Plamondon, C.M. (2019), "On bond-slip response and development length of steel bars in pre-cracked concrete", Constr. Build. Mater., 199, 560-573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.12.039.
  36. Ni, S.D., Wang, W.T. and Li, L. (2010), "The april 14th, 2010 yushu earthquake, a devastating earthquake with foreshocks", Sci. China Earth Sci., 53(6), 791-793. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-010-0083-2
  37. Ohno, T. and Nishioka, T. (1984), "An experimental study on energy absorption capacity of columns in reinforced concrete structures", Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu, 1984(350), 23-33. https://doi.org/10.2208/jscej.1984.350_23.
  38. Park, R. (1989), "Evaluation of ductility of structures and structural assemblages from laboratory testing", Bull. NZ Nat. Soc. Earthq. Eng., 22(3), 155-166.
  39. Priestley, M.J.N. and Benzoni, G. (1996), "Seismic performance of circular columns with low longitudinal reinforcement ratios", ACI Struct. J., 93(4), 474-485.
  40. Rajput, A.S. and Sharma, U.K. (2018), "Seismic behavior of under confined square reinforced concrete columns", Struct., 13, 26-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2017.10.005.
  41. Sezen, H. and Setzler, E.J. (2008), "Reinforcement slip in reinforced concrete columns", ACI Struct. J., 105(3), 280-289.
  42. Su, J., Dhakal, R.P., Wang, J. and Wang, W. (2017), "Seismic performance of rc bridge piers reinforced with varying yield strength steel", Earthq. Struct., 12(1), 201-211. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2017.12.2.201.
  43. Sun, Z. (2012). "Research on the seismic deformation capacity of RC bridge columns", Ph.D., China Earthquake Administration.
  44. Tanaka, H. (1990), "Effect of lateral confining reinforcement on the ductile behavior of reinforced concrete columns", University of Canterbury, Christchurch.
  45. Tehrani, P. and Mitchell, D. (2013), "Effects of column stiffness irregularity on the seismic response of bridges in the longitudinal direction", Can. J. Civil Eng., 40(8), 815-825. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2012-0091.
  46. Tian, T., Qiu, W., Qi, Z. and Zhang, Z. (2017), "Experimental study for effects of shear span ratio on seismic proformance of concrete filled steel tube (cfst) composite bridge columns", J. Dalian Univ. Technol., 57(2), 133-141.
  47. Valluvan, R., Kreger, M.E. and Jirsa, J.O. (1993), "Strengthening of column splices for seismic retrofit of nonductile reinforced concrete frames", ACI Struct. J., 90(4), 432-440.
  48. Wang, W., Li, Z., Dang, H. and Shi, W. (2017), "Strong motion records and its characteristics in jiuzhaigou ms 7.0 earthquake on august 8,2017", Eng. J., 39(4), 652-656.
  49. Wang, Z., Qu, H. and Li, T. (2018), "Quasi-static cyclic tests of precast bridge columns with different connection details for high seismic zones", Eng. Struct., 158, 13-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.12.035.
  50. Wehbe, N.I., Saiidi, M.S. and Sanders, D.H. (1999), "Seismic performance of rectangular bridge columns with moderate confinement", ACI Struct. J., 96(2), 248-258.
  51. Xiao, J. and Zhang, C. (2008), "Seismic behavior of RC columns with circular, square and diamond sections", Constr. Build. Mater., 22(5), 801-810. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.01.010.
  52. Xue, J., Zhou, C., Liu, Z. and Qi, L. (2018), "Seismic response of steel reinforced concrete spatial frame with irregular section columns under earthquake excitation", Earthq. Struct., 14(4), 337-347. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2018.14.4.337.
  53. Zhao, G., Zhang, T. and Chen, X. (2014), "Experimental study on the seismic performance of high speed railway bridge pier under low cyclic loading", China Railw. Sci., 35(4), 38-44. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-4632.2014.04.06

Cited by

  1. Study on lateral behavior of digging well foundation with consideration of soil-foundation interaction vol.24, pp.1, 2021, https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2021.24.1.015