Geomechanics and Engineering

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Investigating the supporting effect of rock bolts in varying anchoring methods in a tunnel

  • Wang, Hongtao (School of Civil Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University) ;
  • Li, Shucai (Research Center of Geotechnical and Structural Engineering, Shandong University) ;
  • Wang, Qi (Research Center of Geotechnical and Structural Engineering, Shandong University) ;
  • Wang, Dechao (Jinan Rail Transit Group Co., Ltd.) ;
  • Li, Weiteng (Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Civil Engineering Disaster Prevention, Shandong University of Science and Technology) ;
  • Liu, Ping (School of Civil Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University) ;
  • Li, Xiaojing (School of Civil Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University) ;
  • Chen, Yunjuan (School of Civil Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University)
  • Received : 2018.03.19
  • Accepted : 2019.11.17
  • Published : 2019.12.30
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Pre-tensioned rock bolts can be classified into fully anchored, lengthening anchored and point anchored bolts based on the bond length of the resin or cement mortar inside the borehole. Bolts in varying anchoring methods may significantly affect the supporting effect of surrounding rock around a tunnel. However, thus far, the theoretical basis of selecting a proper anchoring method has not been thoroughly investigated. Based on this problem, 16 schemes were designed while incorporating the effects of anchoring length, pretension, bolt length, and spacing, and a systematic numerical experiment was performed in this paper. The distribution characteristics of the stress field in the surrounding rock, which corresponded to various anchoring scenarios, were obtained. Furthermore, an analytical approach for computing the active and passive strengthening index of the anchored surrounding rock is presented. A new fully anchoring method with pretension and matching technology are also provided. Then, an isolated loading model of the anchored surrounding rock was constructed. The physical simulation test for the bearing capacity of the model was performed with three schemes. Finally, the strengthening mechanism of varying anchoring methods was validated. The research findings in this paper may provide theoretical guidelines for the design and construction of bolting support in tunnels.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : National Natural Science Foundation of China, Shandong Co-Innovation Center for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Civil Structures , Shandong Jianzhu University

The authors express sincere appreciation to the reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions that helped to improve the quality of the paper. The authors also would like to acknowledge the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51704177, 51809159, 51604166, 51609130), a Project of Shandong Province Higher Educational Science and Technology Program (J16LG04), Shandong Co-Innovation Center for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Civil Structures (XTP201911), and the Doctoral Research Fund of Shandong Jianzhu University (XNBS1501).

References

  1. Bobet, A. and Einstein, H.H. (2011), "Tunnel reinforcement with rockbolts", Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Technol., 26(1), 100-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2010.06.006.
  2. Cai, Y., Jiang, Y., Djamaluddin, I., Iura, T. and Esaki, T. (2015), "An analytical model considering interaction behavior of grouted rock bolts for convergence-confinement method in tunneling design", Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 76, 112-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2015.03.006.
  3. Chang, X., Wang, G., Liang, Z., Yang, J. and Tang, C. (2017), "Study on grout cracking and interface debonding of rockbolt grouted system", Constr. Build. Mater., 135, 665-673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.01.031.
  4. Chen, Y. and Li, C.C. (2015), "Performance of fully encapsulated rebar bolts and D-Bolts under combined pull-and-shear loading", Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Technol., 45, 99-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2014.09.008.
  5. Cui, L., Zheng, J.J., Sheng, Q. and Pan, Y. (2019), "A simplified procedure for the interaction between fully-grouted bolts and rock mass for circular tunnels", Comput. Geotech., 106, 177-192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2018.10.008.
  6. Ghadimi, M. (2017), "Effect of profile bolt in bond strength fully grouted rock bolts using analytical and experimental methods", Int. J. Min. Miner. Eng., 8(2), 156-168. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMME.2017.084206
  7. He, L., An, X.M. and Zhao, Z.Y. (2015), "Fully grouted rock bolts: an analytical investigation", Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 48(3), 1181-1196. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-014-0610-0.
  8. He, M., Li, C., Gong, W.L., Sousa, L.R. and Li, S.L. (2017), "Dynamic tests for a constant-resistance-large-deformation bolt using a modified SHTB system", Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Technol., 64, 103-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2016.12.007.
  9. Hou, C.J. and Gou, P.F. (2000), "Mechanism study on strength enhancement for the rocks surrounding roadway supported by bolt", Chin. J. Rock Mech. Eng., 19(3), 342-345.
  10. Jing, H.W., Yang, S.Q., Zhang, M.L., Xu, G.A. and Chen, K.F. (2014), "An experimental study on anchorage strength and deformation behavior of large-scale jointed rock mass", Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Technol., 43, 184-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2014.05.006.
  11. Kang, H., Wu, Y., Gao, F., Jiang, P., Cheng, P., Meng, X. and Li, Z. (2016), "Mechanical performances and stress states of rock bolts under varying loading conditions", Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Technol., 52, 138-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2015.12.005.
  12. Kang, H., Wu, Y., Gao, F., Lin, J. and Jiang, P. (2013), "Fracture characteristics in rock bolts in underground coal mine roadways", Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 62, 105-112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ijrmms.2013.04.006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2013.04.006
  13. Kang, H., Yang, J. and Meng, X. (2015), "Tests and analysis of mechanical behaviours of rock bolt components for China's coal mine roadways", J. Rock Mech. Geotech. Eng., 7(1), 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2014.12.002.
  14. Kim, H.J., Kim, K.H., Kim, H.M. and Shin, J.H. (2018), "Anchorage mechanism and pullout resistance of rock bolt in water-bearing rocks", Geomech. Eng., 15(3), 841-849. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2018.15.3.841.
  15. Kim, S.H., Song, K.I. and Park, J.H. (2016), "Experimental evaluation of the active tension bolt", Geomech. Eng., 11(2), 177-195. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2016.11.2.177.
  16. Li, C.C. (2010), "A new energy-absorbing bolt for rock support in high stress rock masses", Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 47(3), 396-404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2010.01.005.
  17. Li, S.C., Wang, Q., Wang, H.T., Jiang, B., Wang, D.C., Zhang, B., Li, Y. and Ruan, G.Q. (2015), "Model test study on surrounding rock deformation and failure mechanisms of deep roadways with thick top coal", Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Technol., 47, 52-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2014.12.013.
  18. Li, W., Yang, N., Mei, Y., Zhang, Y., Wang, L. and Ma, H. (2020), "Experimental investigation of the compression-bending property of the casing joints in a concrete filled steel tubular supporting arch for tunnel engineering", Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Technol., 96, 103184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2019.103184.
  19. Li, Z.H., Lv, Q., Zhu H.X. and Hu J. (2019), "Laboratory testing and modeling of a high-displacement cable bolt", Int. J. Geomech., 19(7), 04019078. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001472.
  20. Liu, J., Yang, H., Wen, H. and Zhou, X. (2017), "Analytical model for the load transmission law of rock bolt subjected to open and sliding joint displacements", Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 100, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2017.01.018.
  21. Liu, S., Fu, M., Jia, H. and Li, W. (2019), "Shear Characteristics of Cuneiform Reaming Anchorage Bolts in Coal Mine Roadways", Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 52(6), 1931-1943. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-018-1670-3.
  22. Nemcik, J., Ma, S., Aziz, N., Ren, T. and Geng, X. (2014), "Numerical modelling of failure propagation in fully grouted rock bolts subjected to tensile load", Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 71, 293-300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2014.07.007.
  23. Ranjbarnia, M., Oreste, P., Fahimifar, A. and Arya, A. (2016), "Analytical-numerical solution for stress distribution around tunnel reinforced by radial fully grouted rockbolts", Int. J. Numer. Anal. Meth. Geomech., 40(13), 1844-1862. https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.2517.
  24. Wang, G., Wu, X.Z., Jiang, Y.J., Huang, N. and Wang, S.G. (2013), "Quasi-static laboratory testing of a new rock bolt for energy-absorbing applications", Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Technol., 338, 122-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2013.05.010.
  25. Wang, H.T., Wang, Q., Wang, F.Q., Li, S.C., Wang, D.C., Ren, Y.X., Guo, N.B. and Zhang, S.G. (2015), "Mechanical effect analysis of bolts in roadway under different anchoring lengths and its application", J. China Coal. Soc., 40(3), 509-515.
  26. Wang, Q., Gao, H.K., Yu, H.C., Jiang, B. and Liu, B.H. (2019), "Method for measuring rock mass characteristics and evaluating the grouting-reinforced effect based on digital drilling", Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 52, 841-851. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-018-1624-9.
  27. Wang, Q., He, M.C., Yang, J., Gao, H.K., Jiang, B. and Yu H.C. (2018), "Study of a no-pillar mining technique with automatically formed gob-side entry retaining for longwall mining in coal mines", Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 110, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2018.07.005.
  28. Wang, Q., Jiang, B., Pan, R., Li, S.C., He, M.C., Sun, H.B., Qin, Q., Yu, H.C. and Luan, Y.C. (2018), "Failure mechanism of surrounding rock with high stress and confined concrete support system", Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 102, 89-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2018.01.020.
  29. Wang, Q., Qin, Q., Jiang, B., Yu, H.C., Pan, R. and Li, S.C. (2019), "Study and engineering application on the bolt-grouting reinforcement effect in underground engineering with fractured surrounding rock", Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Technol., 84, 237-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2018.11.028.
  30. Wu, X., Jiang, Y. and Li, B. (2018), "Influence of joint roughness on the shear behaviour of fully encapsulated rock bolt", Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 51(3), 953-959. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-017-1365-1.
  31. Xu, C., Li, Z., Wang, S., Wang, S., Fu, L. and Tang, C. (2018), "Pullout performances of grouted rockbolt systems with bond defects", Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 51(3), 861-871. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-017-1373-1.
  32. Yan, Q., Li, S.C., Xie, C. and Li, Y. (2017), "Analytical solution for bolted tunnels in expansive loess using the convergence-confinement method", Int. J. Geomech., 18(1), 04017124. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000989.
  33. Yan, S., Song, Y., Bai, J. and Elmo, D. (2019), "A study on the failure of resin end-anchored rockbolts Subjected to tensile load", Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 52(6), 1917-1930. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-018-1663-2.
  34. Yu, S., Zhu, W., Niu, L., Zhou, S. and Kang, P. (2019), "Experimental and numerical analysis of fully grouted long rockbolt load-transfer behavior", Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Technol., 85, 56-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2018.12.001.
  35. Zhang, W., Huang, L. and Juang, C.H. (2020), "An analytical model for estimating the force and displacement of fully grouted rock bolts", Comput. Geotech., 117, 103222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2019.103222.
  36. Zou, J.F. and Zhang, P.H. (2019), "Analytical model of fully grouted bolts in pull-out tests and in situ rock masses", Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 113, 278-294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2018.11.015.
  37. Zou, J.F., Xia, Z.Q. and Dan, H.C. (2016), "Theoretical solutions for displacement and stress of a circular opening reinforced by grouted rock bolt", Geomech. Eng., 11(3), 439-455. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2016.11.3.439.
  38. Zuo, J.P., Wen, J.H., Li, Y.D., Sun, Y.J., Wang, J.T., Jiang, Y.Q. and Liu, L. (2019), "Investigation on the interaction mechanism and failure behavior between bolt and rock-like mass", Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Technol., 93, 103070. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2019.103070.

Cited by

  1. Prediction of the Required Supporting Pressure for a Shallow Tunnel in Layered Rock Strata Based on 2D and 3D Upper Bound Limit Analysis vol.2020, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6261917
  2. The Influence of Radial Stress on Mechanical Properties of Anchorage Structure vol.10, pp.20, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3390/app10207029
  3. Designing an innovative support system in loess tunnel vol.24, pp.3, 2019, https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2021.24.3.253
  4. An upper bound design method for roof bolting support in roadways with top coal vol.14, pp.9, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-06660-z