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Effects of Growth Period and Cumulative Temperature on Flowering, Ripening and Yield of Soybean by Sowing Times

파종시기별 생육일수 및 적산온도 변화가 콩의 개화, 등숙 및 수량에 미치는 영향

  • Lee, Jae Eun (Crop Cultivation and Environment Research Division, Department of Central Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Jung, Gun Ho (Crop Cultivation and Environment Research Division, Department of Central Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kim, Sung Kook (Crop Cultivation and Environment Research Division, Department of Central Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kim, Min Tae (Crop Cultivation and Environment Research Division, Department of Central Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Shin, Su Hyeon (Crop Cultivation and Environment Research Division, Department of Central Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Jeon, Weon Tai (Crop Cultivation and Environment Research Division, Department of Central Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration)
  • 이재은 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 중부작물부 재배환경과) ;
  • 정건호 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 중부작물부 재배환경과) ;
  • 김성국 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 중부작물부 재배환경과) ;
  • 김민태 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 중부작물부 재배환경과) ;
  • 신수현 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 중부작물부 재배환경과) ;
  • 전원태 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 중부작물부 재배환경과)
  • Received : 2019.10.03
  • Accepted : 2019.11.25
  • Published : 2019.12.31

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to analyze the effect of different sowing times on the flowering and maturing of major soybean cultivars by varying day length and temperature in the central plain region. The average of growth period and cumulative temperature in five test cultivars by sowing times were 121 days and 2,972℃ on June 1, respectively and gradually decreased to 85 days, 2,042℃, respectively on July 20. Analysis of the flowering response according to the sowing times showed that flowering was greatly influenced by the decrease of photoperiod until the sowing on July 10, and the minimum number of days for flowering were 27 days, 36 days, respectively in early and mid-rate maturing type in the central plain region. Daepung 2 is classified to the same ecotype with Daewonkong, the total number of growing days was not different between two cultivars, but ripening period (R2-R6) was longer by 5 days and yield was higher by 11% in Daepung 2. The maturity rate was also high and safe enough to maintain more than 90% through the entire sowing times. This ecological characteristic can be usefully applied as a section index for breeding environmental stress resistant and high yielding soybean varieties. The yield of 4 domestic cultivars (except TI196944) sowing on July 20 were 85~92% levels compared to sowing on June 20.

기후변화에 대응하여 중부지역에서 콩 생산성 향상을 위해 적합한 품종선발과 대재적기 결정에 필요한 등숙 및 개화생태형 기초자료를 확보하고자 본 시험을 수행하였다. 시험재료는 조생종으로 큰올콩, TI196944, 중생종으로 선유콩, 중만생종으로 대원콩, 대풍2호 등 총 5품종이 사용되었다. 파종기는 6월 1일, 6월 20일, 7월 10일, 7월 20일 총 4회 파종하였다. 개화에 필요한 최소한의 소요일수 즉 기본 영양생장기간(BVP)은 조생종인 큰올콩이 27일, 중생종인 선유콩은 31일, 중만생종인 재원콩과 대풍2호는 36일 정도이었고, 적산온도는 5개 품종 평균적으로 볼 때 950℃ 정도이었다. 등숙율은 대풍2호를 제외하고 6월 1일 파종구가 가장 저조하였고, 대풍2호는 모든 파종시기의 등숙율이 90% 이상으로 높았다. 등숙율과 수량성을 고려할 때 중만생종인 대원콩과 대풍2호의 등숙적온은 25℃ 정도이었다. 대풍 2호의 다수성은 등숙기간이 길어 일사량 흡수가 증가하고 마디수와 동화물질 전류량이 증가하여 결과적으로 수량이 증수하는데 기인하는 것으로 분석되었다. 파종시기별 수량성은 북한도입 유전자원인 TI196944를 제외하고 나머지 국내육성 4품종은 6월 20일 파종구가 가장 높았으며, 7월 20일 파종의 경우 6월 20일 파종과 비교할 때 85~92% 수준이었다. 따라서 최근 우리나라 기상여건 상 5~6월의 상습적인 가뭄으로 파종시기를 놓치거나 출현율이 극히 저조할 경우, 중부평야지에서는 7월 20일까지 파종을 해도 경제적인 수준의 콩 생산이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

References

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