Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science (한국산림과학회지)

Korean Society of Forest Science (한국산림과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of Gibberellin Treatment on the Dormancy-breaking and Germination Promotion of Carpinus laxiflora Seeds Stored for 16 Years

지베렐린 처리에 따른 서어나무 16년 저장 종자의 휴면타파 및 발아촉진 효과

  • Han, Sim-Hee (Department of Forest Bio-resources, National Institute of Forest Science) ;
  • Ku, Ja Jung (Department of Forest Bio-resources, National Institute of Forest Science) ;
  • Kim, Du Hyun (Department of Life Resources Industry, Dong-A University) ;
  • Lim, Hyo-In (Department of Forest Bio-resources, National Institute of Forest Science)
  • 한심희 (국립산림과학원 산림생명자원연구부) ;
  • 구자정 (국립산림과학원 산림생명자원연구부) ;
  • 김두현 (동아대학교 생명자원산업학과) ;
  • 임효인 (국립산림과학원 산림생명자원연구부)
  • Received : 2019.10.11
  • Accepted : 2019.11.06
  • Published : 2019.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study assessed the vitality of Carpinus laxiflora seeds stored for more than 15 years in order to discover optimal pre-treatment conditions for removingthe causes of seed dormancy and improving revitalization rate. Seeds were collected in October 2000 and stored at -18℃ for 16 years. Experiments to assess the revitalization ability of the seeds were performed under the following conditions: a controlled environment; in warm stratification (30 days at 23℃); in cold stratification (30 days at 4℃ andfor 30, 45, 60, and 120 days); gibberellin (GA3) treatment (24 hours per day in GA3 solutions of 100, 500, 1000, 2000, and 3000 mg·L-1); and both cold stratification and GA3 treatment (30 days at 4℃, then in a GA3 solution of 100, 500, and 1000 mg·L-1 for 2 hours). The average germination percentage(GP) of untreated seeds was 2%, and the average GP of warm-stratification seeds was 10%. Cold-stratification seeds had the highest GP at 81% for the 45-day process, while the 120-day cold-stratification seeds had the lowest GP at 67.3%. The average GP of seeds treated with GA3 ranged from 77% (100 mg·L-1) to 99% (1000 mg·L-1), indicatingsignificant differences between the treatment concentrations. The treatment effect of GA3 was highest at 500 mg·L-1 and 1000 mg·L-1, and lowest at 100 mg·L-1. The average GP of seeds treated with GA3 following cold stratification was 68%, which was lower than the cold stratification-only (73.2%) and GA3-only (88.4%) treatments. A comprehensive comparison of the seed germination characteristics according to the four treatments determined that a GA3 500 mg·L-1 pre-treatment, with the highest average GP, was ideally suited to the revitalization of long-term stored C. laxiflora seeds. Consequently, C. laxiflora stored at -18℃ for 16 years indicated strong vitality and could be regenerated by proper pre-treatment.

본 연구에서는 15년 이상 장기 저장된 서어나무 종자의 활력 평가와 동시에, 서어나무 종자의 휴면 원인 제거와 재생률 개선을 위한 최적 전처리 조건을 찾고자 하였다. 서어나무 종자는 2000년 10월에 채집하여 16년간 -18℃에 냉동 보관되었던 것을 사용하였다. 종자의 재생 능력을 평가하기 위한 실험은 대조구, 온습 처리구(23℃에서 30일간), 냉습 처리구(4℃에서 30, 45, 60, 120일간), 호르몬 처리구(100, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000 mg·L-1의 GA3 용액에 24시간 침지), 냉습과 호르몬 병행 처리구(4℃에서 30일간 냉습 처리 후, 100, 500, 1000 mg·L-1 GA3 용액에 24시간 침지)로 구분하여 실시하였다. 무처리 종자의 평균 발아율은 2%였고, 온습 처리 종자의 평균 발아율은 10%였다. 냉습 처리한 종자는 45일간 처리에서 가장 높은 81%의 발아율을 나타냈으며, 120일 냉습 처리한 종자는 가장 낮은 67.3%의 발아율을 나타냈다. 지베렐린 처리된 종자의 평균 발아율은 77%(100 mg·L-1)에서 99%(1000 mg·L-1)의 범위를 나타냈으며, 처리 농도 간 통계적으로 차이가 뚜렷하였다. 지베렐린 처리 효과는 500 mg·L-1과 1000 mg·L-1에서 가장 높았으며, 100 mg·L-1에서 가장 낮았다. 냉습 처리 후 지베렐린을 병행 처리 한 종자의 평균 발아율은 68%로, 냉습 단독 처리(73.2%)와 지베렐린 단독 처리(88.4%)보다 낮은 값을 나타냈다. 네 가지의 처리에 따른 서어나무 종자의 발아 특성을 종합적으로 비교한 결과, 평균 발아율이 가장 높은 지베렐린 500 mg·L-1 전처리가 장기 저장된 서어나무 종자의 재생을 위해 가장 적합한 것으로 판단되었다. 즉, -18℃에서 16년간 저장된 서어나무 종자는 높은 활력을 유지하고 있으므로 적절한 전처리를 하면 재생할 수 있다.

Keywords

References

  1. Amen, R.D. 1968. A model of seed dormancy. The Botanical Review 34: 1-31. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02858619
  2. Baskin, C.C. and Baskin, J.M. 2001. Seeds: ecology, biogeography and evolution of dormancy and germination. Academic Press. San Diego. pp. 666.
  3. Baskin, C.C., Zackrisson, O. and Baskin, J.M. 2002. Role of warm stratification in promoting germination of seeds of Empetrum hermaphroditum (Empetraceae), a circumboreal species with a stony endocarp. American Journal of Botany 89(3): 486-493. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.89.3.486
  4. Baskin, J.M. and Baskin, C.C. 2004. A classification system for seed dormancy. Seed Science Research 14(1): 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1079/SSR2003150
  5. Bewley, J.D. and Black, M. 1985. Seeds: Physiology of Development and Germination. 3rd Ed. Plenum Press. New York. pp. 445.
  6. Black M., Bewley J.D. and Halmer, P. 2006. The Encyclopedia of Seeds: science, technology and uses. CAB International. Wallingford. Oxfordshire. UK. pp. 828.
  7. Bonner, F.T. and Karrfalt, R.P. 2008. The Woody Plant Seed Manual. Agriculture Handbook 727. Ed. Department of Agriculture. Forest Service. Washington DC. U.S. pp. 1223.
  8. Bradbeer J.W. 1988. The Breaking of Seed Dormancy. pp. 55-79. In: Seed Dormancy and Germination. Tertiary Level Biology. Springer. Boston, MA.
  9. Bretzloff L.V. and Pellet, N.E. 1979. Effect of stratification and gibberellic acid on the germination of Carpinus caroliniana Walt. HortScience 14(5): 621-622.
  10. Bugala, W. 1993. Grab zwyczajny: Carpinus betulus L. In: Nasze Drzewa Lesne [in Polish: chapter summaries in English]. Monogr. Pop. 9. Ed. Kornik: Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Dendrology. pp. 352.
  11. Chmielarz, P. 2010. Cryopreservation of dormant orthodox seeds of European hornbeam (Carpinus betulus). Seed Science and Technology 38(1): 146-157. https://doi.org/10.15258/sst.2010.38.1.15
  12. Czapracki, M. and Holubowicz, R. 2010. Some Factors Influencing the Germination of the Common Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) Seeds. Bulletin UASVM Horticulture 67(1): 422-429.
  13. Dastanpoor, N., Fahimi, H., Shariati, M., Davazdahemami, S. and Hashemi, S.M.M. 2013. Effects of hydropriming on seed germination and seedling growth in sage (Salvia officinalis L.). African Journal of Biotechnology 12(11): 1223-1228.
  14. Densmore, R. and Zasada, J.C. 1977. Germination requirements of Alaskan Rosa acicularis. Canadian Field-Naturalist 91(1): 58-62.
  15. EL-Barghathi, M.F. and El-Bakkosh, A. 2005. Effect of some mechanical and chemical pretreatments on seed germination and seedling growth of Quercus coccifera (Kemes oaks). Journal of Jerash Private University.
  16. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2014. Chapter 4.3. Gene bank standards for seed viability monitoring. pp. 30-31. In: FAO Working Group (Ed.) Gene Bank Standards for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. FAO, Rome.
  17. Fenner, M., and Thompson, K. 2005. The Ecology of Seeds. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge. UK. pp. 97.
  18. Galston, A.W. and Davies, P.J. 1969. Hormonal regulation in higher plants. Science 163: 1288-1297. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.163.3873.1288
  19. Goubitz, S., Werger, M.J.A. and Ne'eman, G. 2003. Germination response to fire-related factors of seeds from non-serotinous and serotinous cones. Plant Ecology 169(2): 195-204. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026036332277
  20. Graeber, K.A.I., Nakabayashi, K., Miatton, E., Leubner,-G.E.R.H., Metzger, A.R.D. and Soppe, W.J. 2012. Molecular mechanisms of seed dormancy. Plant, Cell and Environment 35(10): 1769-1786. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2012.02542.x
  21. Guney, D., Atar, F., Atar, E. Turna, I. and Kulac, S. 2015. The effect of pre-treatments and seed collection time on the germination characteristics of common hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) seeds in the Eastern Black Sea Region, Turkey. Seed Science and Technology 43(1): 1-9. https://doi.org/10.15258/sst.2015.43.1.01
  22. Hilhort, H.W.M. and Karssen, C.M. 1992. Seed dormancy and germination: the role of abscisic acid and gibberellins and the importance of hormone mutants. Plant Growth Regulation 11(3): 225-238. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00024561
  23. Merou, T., Takos, I., Varsamis, G. and Xofis, P. 2012. Effect of stratification and scarification treatments on the germination of oriental hornbeam (Carpinus orientalis) seeds. Seed Science and Technology 40(2): 265-270. https://doi.org/10.15258/sst.2012.40.2.12
  24. Muller, C., Laroppe E. and Bonnet-Masimbert, M. 1999. Further developments in the redrying and storage of prechilled beechnuts (Fagus sylvatica L.): effect of seed moisture content and prechilling duration. Annanl of Forest Science 56(1): 49-57. https://doi.org/10.1051/forest:19990107
  25. Nunez, M.R. and Calvo, L. 2000. Effect of high temperatures on seed germination of Pinus sylvestris and Pinus halepensis. Forest Ecology and Management 131(1-3): 183-190. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00211-X
  26. Ozel, H.B. 2016. The effects of selected pre-treatments on germination of seeds of Oriental hornbeam (Carpinus orientalis). Journal of Environmental Biology 37(4): 503-508.
  27. Park, I.H., Choi, Y.C. and Cho, W. 1991. Forest structure of the Hwaomsa valley and the Piagol valley in the Chirisan National Park - Forest community analysis by the classification and ordination techniques. Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology 5(1): 42-53.
  28. Pijut, P.M. 2008. Carpinus. pp. 328-332. In: Bonner, F.T. and Karrfalt, R.P. (Ed.). Woody Plant Seed Manual, Agriculture Handbook 727, USDA Forest Service, Washington, DC.
  29. Pipinis, E., Milios, E., Kiamos, N., Mavrokordopoulou, O. and Smiris, P. 2012. Effects of stratification and pre-treatment with gibberellic acid on seed germination of two Carpinus species. Seed Science and Technology 40(1): 21-31. https://doi.org/10.15258/sst.2012.40.1.03
  30. Redden, R. and Partington, D. 2019. Gene bank scheduling of seed regeneration: Interim report on a long term storage study. Journal of Integrative Agriculture 18(7): 1529-1540. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62730-9
  31. Rudolf, P.O. and Phipps, H. 1974. Carpinus, hornbeam. pp. 266-268. In: Schopmeyer, C.S., tech. coord. (Ed.) Seeds of woody plants in the United States. Agric. Handbk. 450. Washington, DC: USDA Forest Service.
  32. Ryou, Y.H., Park, S.T., Lee, C.S. and Kim, J.H. 1996. The modeling of succession for Kwangnung forest by GAP model, Journal of Korean Ecology Society 19(6): 499-506.
  33. Salisbury, F. and Ross, C. 2000. Fisiologia de las plantas. Editorial Paraninfo Thomson Learning. Madrid. pp. 988.
  34. Suzuki, W. 2000. Germination traits and adaptive regeneration strategies of the three Carpinus species. Journal of Forest Research 5(3): 181-185. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02762399
  35. Taiz, L. and Zeiger, E. 2002. Plant Physiology. 3rd Ed. Sinauer Associates Inc. Publishers, Sunderland. pp. 690.
  36. Tsitsoni, T., Tsakaldimi, M. and Tsouri, C. 2013. Seed treatments to break dormancy and stimulate germination in Cercis siliquastrum L. and Carpinus orientalis Mill. African Journal of Agricultural Research 8(35): 4501-4505. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR12.1070
  37. Young, J.A. and Young, C.G. 1992. Seeds of Woody Plants in North America. Dioscorides, Portland, Oregon, USA. pp. 416.
  38. Zhu, Z., Xu, Y. and Wang, S. 2014. The causes of European hornbeam seed dormancy and methods of breaking dormancy. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment 12(2): 1149-1152.