Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science (한국산림과학회지)

Korean Society of Forest Science (한국산림과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Research Trends on Soil Erosion Control Engineering in North Korea

북한의 사방공학 분야 연구동향 분석

  • Kim, Kidae (Division of Forest Disaster Management, National Institute of Forest Science) ;
  • Kang, Minjeng (Division of Forest Disaster Management, National Institute of Forest Science) ;
  • Kim, Dongyeob (Division of Research Planning and Coordination, National Institute of Forest Science) ;
  • Lee, Changwoo (Division of Forest Disaster Management, National Institute of Forest Science) ;
  • Woo, Choongshik (Division of Forest Disaster Management, National Institute of Forest Science) ;
  • Seo, Junpyo (Division of Forest Disaster Management, National Institute of Forest Science)
  • 김기대 (국립산림과학원 산림방재연구과) ;
  • 강민정 (국립산림과학원 산림방재연구과) ;
  • 김동엽 (국립산림과학원 연구기획과) ;
  • 이창우 (국립산림과학원 산림방재연구과) ;
  • 우충식 (국립산림과학원 산림방재연구과) ;
  • 서준표 (국립산림과학원 산림방재연구과)
  • Received : 2019.08.13
  • Accepted : 2019.09.25
  • Published : 2019.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

North Korea has experienced floods and sediment-related disasters annually since the 1970s due to deforestation. It is of paramount importance that technologies and trends related to forest restoration and soil erosion control engineering be properly understood in a bid to reduce damage from sediment-related disasters in North Korea, and to effect national territorial management following unification. This paper presents a literature review and bibliometric analysis including 146 related articles published in North Korea. First, we analyzed the textual characteristics of the articles. We then employed the VOSviewer software package to classify the research topic and analyzed this topic based on the time change. The results showed that articles on the topic have consistently increased since the 1990s. In addition, research related to soil erosion control engineering has been classified into four subjects in North Korea: (i) assessment of hazard area on soil erosion and soil loss, sediment related-disasters; (ii) hydraulic and hydrologic understanding of forests; (iii) reasonable construction of soil erosion control structures; and (iv) effects and management plan of soil erosion control works. The proportion of research related to the (ii) hydraulic and hydrologic understanding of forests had been significant during the reign of Kim Ilsung. However, the proportion of research related to the (i) assessment of hazard area on soil erosion and soil loss, sediment-related disasters, increased during the reign of Kim Jongil and Kim Jongun. Using these results, our analysis indicated that an interest in and need for soil erosion control engineering in North Korea has continually increased. The results of this study are expected to serve as a basis for preparing forestry cooperation between North and South Korea, and to serve as essential data for better understanding soil erosion control engineering in North Korea.

북한은 1970년대부터 이어진 산림황폐화로 인해 매년 홍수와 산지토사재해가 발생하고 있다. 북한의 산지토사재해 피해저감과 통일 이후의 국토관리를 위해서는 북한 내 산림복구와 사방사업 관련 기술 및 동향을 파악하는 것이 무엇보다 우선적이다. 이 연구에서는 북한에서 발행된 사방공학 관련 논문 146편을 분석대상으로 하였으며, 문헌학적 특성과 논문의 통계적 분석을 실시하였다. 이후 VOSviewer 프로그램을 이용하여 연구영역을 구분하였으며, 이상의 연구결과를 토대로 시간적 변화에 따라 연구동향을 파악하였다. 그 결과, 1990년대부터 관련 논문이 꾸준히 증가하였다. 관련 연구주제는 (i) 토양침식 및 유실, 산지토사재해 위험지 평가, (ii) 산림의 수리·수문학적 이해, (iii) 사방구조물의 합리적인 시공, (iv) 사방사업 효과 및 관리방안으로 구분되었다. 특히, 김일성 집권시기에는 (ii) 산림의 수리·수문학적 이해에 관한 연구영역의 점유비율이 높았으나, 김정일과 김정은 집권시기에는 (i) 토양침식 및 유실, 산지토사재해 위험지 평가에 관한 연구영역의 점유비율이 증가하였다. 이러한 결과를 통해 사방공학에 대한 북한의 관심과 필요성이 꾸준히 증가하고 있는 것을 유추할 수 있었다. 이 연구의 결과가 북한의 사방공학 분야를 올바르게 이해하는 기초자료로써 본격적인 남북 산림협력을 대비하기 위한 발판이 될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Ahn, S.J., Lim, S.J., Hong, J.Y. and Kim, D.Y. 2010. Research of erosion control technique and Erosion control works propulsion performance in North Korea. Journal of Korea Society of Forest Engineering and Technology 8(1): 71-82.
  2. Baek, S.S. and Jeon, S.Y. 2003. Planting methods of reducing soil erosion in terrace fields. Technological Innovation 5: 35-36 (North Korea).
  3. Cha, Y.S. 1996. Where should the revetment be placed at the stream?. Agriculture Hydrographization 4: 25-26 (North Korea).
  4. Cha, Y.S. 1998. Determination of foundation depth of torrent structure considering freezing effect. Agriculture Hydrographization 1: 11-12 (North Korea).
  5. Cho, H.J. 2005. Forest vegetation structures and successional trends in Young-il soil erosion control district. Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science 94(6): 453-461.
  6. Choi, H.T. 2011. Effect of forest growth and thinning on the long-term water balance in a coniferous forest. Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorlogy 13(4): 157-164. https://doi.org/10.5532/KJAFM.2010.13.4.157
  7. Choi, K.H. and Kang, Y.E. 2003. Evaluation of control capability of nature on watershed. Weather and Hydrophyle 5: 18-19 (North Korea).
  8. Chun, K.W. 1990. Studies on effects of channel bed fixation by erosion control dams in torrential streams. Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science 79(3): 269-277.
  9. Go, B.J. and Eo, H.S. 2017. Mammalian research topics and trends in Korea. Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology 31(1): 30-41. https://doi.org/10.13047/KJEE.2017.31.1.030
  10. Han, Y.C. 1998. Affects of water velocity by tree height and plant intervals of poplar tree. Agriculture Hydrographization 6: 30-32 (North Korea).
  11. Hwang, S.U. 1997. Land cover monitoring for the extraction of agricultural area in North Korea using NOAA/AVHRR Data. Master, Thesis. Seoul National University. Seoul, Republic of Korea.
  12. Hyeon, J.Y. 2004. Evaluation model of mountain slope erosion by weather and topographical factors. Weather and Hydrophyle 6: 15-17 (North Korea).
  13. Index for Risk Management. 2017. JRC science for policy report. pp. 85.
  14. Jeon, M.Y. 2010. Current status and characteristics of South Korean studies in North Korea: focusing on North Korea and unification policy. Kookmin Social Science Reviews 18(2): 242-280.
  15. Jeong, D.G. and Hong, E.S. 2006. Some experimental results of interception loss of precipitation by vegetation. Agriculture Hydrographization 1: 18-19 (North Korea).
  16. Jeong, W.O. and Ma, H.S. 2007a. Influences of environmental factors on the sedimentation of soil erosion control dams in forest watershed. Journal of Agriculture & Life Science 41(1): 7-12.
  17. Jeong, W.O. and Ma, H.S. 2007b. Influences of meterological and river morphological factors on the sedimentation of debris control dams in forest watershed. Journal of Agriculture & Life Science 42(3): 17-22.
  18. Jin, C.Y. and Eo, S.H. 2018. Avian research trends in Korea analyzed by text-mining and co-word analysis: based on articles of the Korea Journal of Ornithology. Korean Journal of Ornithology 25(2): 126-132. https://doi.org/10.30980/KJO.2018.12.25.2.126
  19. Jo, S.B. and Song, H.C. 2014. Evaluation of landslide hazard in mountains in west coast. Agriculture Hydrographization 1: 18 (North Korea).
  20. Ju, S.J. and Seo, J.Y. 1999. What is the erosion control works?. Agricultural Hydrographization 5: 10 (North Korea).
  21. Kim, B.M. and Lee, D.K. 2018. Social network analysis on the research trend of korean ecological restoration technology. Journal of the Korea Society of Environmental Restoration Technology 21(3): 67-81. https://doi.org/10.13087/KOSERT.2018.21.3.67
  22. Kim, C.H. 2007. A review of GIS research trends in North Korea. Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies 10(4): 189-197.
  23. Kim, C.W. and Hyeon, J.Y. 2001. Some problems raised from the rational arrangement of the check dam in forest watershed. Bulletin of KIMILSUNG Univ.-Natural Science 9: 111-113 (North Korea).
  24. Kim, D.Y., Seo, J.P., Lee, C.W. and Woo, C.S. 2016. Analysis on the behaviors of soil water characteristic sensors through rainfall-induced landslide flume experiments. Journal of The Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 16(6): 209-218. https://doi.org/10.9798/KOSHAM.2016.16.6.209
  25. Kim, K.H., Jun, J.H., Yoo, J.Y. and Jeong, Y.H 2005. Throughfall, stremflow and interception loss of the natural old-growth deciduous and planted young coniferous in gwangneung and the rehabilitated young mixed forest in Yangju, Gyeonggido(I): with a special reference on the results of measurement. Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science 94(6): 488-495.
  26. Kim, S.J. 1999. Study on the land use plan method considering water control in forest. Bulletin of KIMILSUNG Univ.-Natural Science 2: 75-78 (North Korea).
  27. Kim, S.Y., Park, S.Y. and Park, K.S. 2016. A study on new change of forest management in DPRK by introducing agroforestry of sloping land management. The Korean Journal of Unification Affairs 28(2): 127-157.
  28. KISTI (Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information). 2016. Knowledge Matrix Plus(Ver. 0.80) for supporting scientometric network analysis, department of scientometric research. Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information. Republic of Korea.
  29. Korea Forest Service. 2014. Textbook of soil erosion control technique. pp. 432.
  30. Lee, C.W., Kim, D.Y., Woo, C.S., Kim, Y.S. and Kwon, H.J. 2015. Construction and operation of the national landslide forecast system using soil water index in Republic of Korea. Journal of The Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 15(6): 213-221. https://doi.org/10.9798/KOSHAM.2015.15.6.213
  31. Lee, D.K., Kwon, K.C. and Kang, K.S. 2017. Contribution of tree plantation, tree breeding and soil erosion control techniques development during saemaul undong periods to the successful forest rehabilitation in the Republic of Korea. Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science 106(4): 371-379. https://doi.org/10.14578/jkfs.2017.106.4.371
  32. Lee, I.N. 2010a. Study of the characteristics of rainfall distribution in the Larix Kaemferi stand. Agriculture Hydrographization 2: 18-21 (North Korea).
  33. Lee, I.N. 2010b. Study of the transpiration characteristics in the Larix Kaemferi stand. Agriculture Hydrographization 4: 26-29 (North Korea).
  34. Lee, M.B. and Jin, S. 2008. A study on characteristics of the spatial distribution of the cropland and forest by the cultivation expansion in North Korea. Journal of the Korean Geomorphological Association 15(4): 29-37.
  35. Lee, S.I., Seo, J.I., Kim, J.H., Ryu, D.S., Seo, J.P., Kim, D.Y. and Lee, C.W. 2017. International research trend on mountainous sediment-related disaster induced by earthquakes. Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science 106(4): 431-440. https://doi.org/10.14578/jkfs.2017.106.4.431
  36. Lee, S.I., Seo, J.I., Kim, S.W. and Chun, K.W. 2019. Analysis of research trends on mountain streams in the Republic of Korea: comparison to international research trends. Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology 33(2): 216-227. https://doi.org/10.13047/KJEE.2019.33.2.216
  37. Maplecroft. 2011. Deforestation index 2012. http://maplecroft.com/about/news/deforestation.html (2019.06.30.).
  38. MOU (Ministry of Unification). 2018. Natural disaster in North Korea information portal. http://nkinfo.unikorea.go.kr/nkp/overview/nkOverview.do?sumryMenuId=SO322 (2019.06.30.)
  39. Monsieurs, E., Dessie, M., Adgo, E., Poesen, J., Deckers, J., Verhoest, N. and Nyssen, J. 2015. Seasonal surface drainage of sloping farmland: a review of its hydrogeomorphic impacts. Land degradation & development 26(1): 35-44. https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2286
  40. Moon, Y.K. and Baek, S.S. 2004. Effective methods to soil erosion prevent in terrace fields. Technological Innovation 3: 41-42 (North Korea).
  41. Oh, S.U., Kim, E.H. and Kim, K.M. 2018. Characteristics of forest policy in the Kim Jong-Un era. North Korean Studies 14(2): 101-133.
  42. Okou, F.A., Assogbadjo, A.E., Bachmann, Y. and Sinsin, B. 2014. Ecological factors influencing physical soil degradation in the Atacora Mountain Chain in Benin, West Africa. Mountain Research and Development 34(2): 157-167. https://doi.org/10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-13-00030.1
  43. Park, J.I. and Kim, C.I. 2014. Study of the evaluation on landslide hazard area. Bulletin of Institute of Science 3: 45-46 (North Korea).
  44. Park, K.S., Lee, S.Y. and Park, S.Y. 2009. A study on the North Korea's change of forest policy since the economic crisis in 1990's. The Korean Journal of Unification Affairs 21(1): 459-492.
  45. Park, K.S., Lee, S.Y. and Park, S.Y. 2011. A study on the basic directions for forest rehabilitation programs considering to economic and social conditions of North Korea. Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science 100(3): 423-431.
  46. Park, M.S. and Youn, Y.C. 2010. Korean forest governance: an inter-Korea forestry cooperation approach. The International Forestry Review 12(5): 214.
  47. Park, S.Y. and Park, K.Y. 2017. A study on the experience of the returning land for farming to forestry policy in China for North Korean rehabilitation forests. Research of China and Soviet Union 41(3): 149-180.
  48. Seo, J.I., Chun K.W. and Song, D.G. 2016. Estimation of sediment discharge controlled by sediment-filled checkdam in a forested catchment. Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science 105(3): 321-329. https://doi.org/10.14578/jkfs.2016.105.3.321
  49. Seo, Y.S. 2008. An outcome of nature-reorganization policy in North Korea. North Korean Studies 4(2): 103-128.
  50. Song, M.K., Park, S.M. and Youn, Y.C. 2012. Forest policy of Democratic People's Republic of Korea represented in rodongshinmun. Journal of Environmental Policy 11(3): 123-148. https://doi.org/10.17330/joep.11.3.201209.123
  51. Song, Y.S. and Chae, B.G. 2013. Development of a GIS-based computer program to design countermeasures against debris flows. The Journal of Engineering Geology 23(1): 57-65. https://doi.org/10.9720/kseg.2013.1.57
  52. Van Eck, N.J. and Waltman, L. 2010. Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping. Scientometrics 84(2): 523-538. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-009-0146-3
  53. Van Eck, N.J. and Waltman, L. 2014. Visualizing bibliometric networks. pp. 285-320. In: Ding, Y., Rousseau, R. and Wolfram, D. (Eds.). Measuring Scholarly Impact: Methods and Practice. Springer. New York, U.S.A.
  54. Woo, C.S., Kwon, H.J., Lee, C.W. and Kim, K.H. 2014. Landslide hazard prediction map based on logistic regression model for applying in the whole country of South Korea. Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 14(6): 117-123. https://doi.org/10.9798/KOSHAM.2014.14.6.117
  55. Xu, X, Chen, X, Benjamin, F. and Hong, S. 2015. Global research trends in landslides during 1991-2004: A bibliometric analysis. Landslides 12(6): 1215-1226. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-015-0624-z
  56. Yang, J., Cheng, C., Song, C., Shen, S. and Ning, L. 2019. Visual analysis of the evolution and focus in landslide research field. Journal of Mountain Science 16(5): 991-1004. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-018-5280-z
  57. Yeo, S.H. and Lee, S.K. 1996. Landslide factors and evaluation of hazard area. Agriculture Hydrographization 1: 33-35 (North Korea).
  58. Youn, H.J., Woo, C.S. and Lee, C.W. 2011. Effects of forest tending on landslide. Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science 100(3): 417-422.
  59. Yu, J.S., Park, H., Lee, S.H. and Kim, K.M. 2016. Review of slope criteria and forestland restoration plan in North Korea. Journal of the Korea Society of Environmental Restoration Technology 19(4): 19-28. https://doi.org/10.13087/kosert.2016.19.4.19
  60. Zhuang, Y., Du, C., Zhang, L. and Du, Y. 2015. Research trends and hotspots in soil erosion from 1932 to 2013: A literature review. Scientometrics 105(2): 743-758. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-015-1706-3