DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Nitrogen removal, nitrous oxide emission and microbial community in sequencing batch and continuous-flow intermittent aeration processes

  • Sun, Yuepeng (Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University) ;
  • Xin, Liwei (Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University) ;
  • Wu, Guangxue (Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University) ;
  • Guan, Yuntao (Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University)
  • 투고 : 2018.04.11
  • 심사 : 2018.06.20
  • 발행 : 2019.03.31

초록

Nitrogen removal, nitrous oxide ($N_2O$) emission and microbial community in sequencing batch and continuous-flow intermittent aeration processes were investigated. Two sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) and two continuous-flow multiple anoxic and aerobic reactors (CMRs) were operated under high dissolved oxygen (DO) (SBR-H and CMR-H) and low DO (SBR-L and CMR-L) concentrations, respectively. Nitrogen removal was enhanced under CMR and low DO conditions (CMR-L). The highest total inorganic nitrogen removal efficiency of 91.5% was achieved. Higher nitrifying and denitrifying activities in SBRs were observed. CMRs possessed higher $N_2O$ emission factors during nitrification in the presence of organics, with the highest $N_2O$ emission factor of 60.7% in CMR-L. SBR and low DO conditions promoted $N_2O$ emission during denitrification. CMR systems had higher microbial diversity. Candidatus Accumulibacter, Nitrosomonadaceae and putative denitrifiers ($N_2O$ reducers and producers) were responsible for $N_2O$ emission.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Sun Y, Guan Y, Pan M, Zhan X, Hu Z, Wu G. Enhanced biological nitrogen removal and $N_2O$ emission characteristics of the intermittent aeration activated sludge process. Rev. Environ. Sci. Bio/Technol. 2017;16:1-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-017-9420-7
  2. Wang H, Guan Y, Li L, Wu G. Characteristics of biological nitrogen removal in a multiple anoxic and aerobic biological nutrient removal process. Biomed Res. Int. 2015;2015:531015. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/531015
  3. Ge S, Peng Y, Qiu S, Zhu A, Ren N. Complete nitrogen removal from municipal wastewater via partial nitrification by appropriately alternating anoxic/aerobic conditions in a continuous plug-flow step feed process. Water Res. 2014;55:95-105 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2014.01.058
  4. Gilbert EM, Agrawal S, Brunner F, Schwartz T, Horn H, Lackner S. Response of different Nitrospira species to anoxic periods depends on operational DO. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2014;48:2934-2941. https://doi.org/10.1021/es404992g
  5. Wunderlin P, Mohn J, Joss A, Emmenegger L, Siegrist H. Mechanisms of $N_2O$ production in biological wastewater treatment under nitrifying and denitrifying conditions. Water Res. 2012;46:1027-1037. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2011.11.080
  6. Peng L, Ni BJ, Ye L, Yuan Z. The combined effect of dissolved oxygen and nitrite on $N_2O$ production by ammonia oxidizing bacteria in an enriched nitrifying sludge. Water Res. 2015;73:29-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2015.01.021
  7. Wang H, Guan Y, Pan M, Wu G. Aerobic $N_2O$ emission for activated sludge acclimated under different aeration rates in the multiple anoxic and aerobic process. J. Environ. Sci. 2016;43:70-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2015.08.010
  8. Sun Y, Wang H, Wu G, Guan Y. Nitrogen removal and nitrous oxide emission from a step-feeding multiple anoxic and aerobic process. Environ. Technol. 2017;39:814-823.
  9. Sims A, Gajaraj S, Hu Z. Nutrient removal and greenhouse gas emissions in duckweed treatment ponds. Water Res. 2013;47:1390-1398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2012.12.009
  10. Terada A, Sugawara S, Yamamoto T, Zhou S, Koba K, Hosomi M. Physiological characteristics of predominant ammonia-oxidizing bacteria enriched from bioreactors with different influent supply regimes. Biochem. Eng. J. 2013;79:153-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.2013.07.012
  11. Liang W, Chao Y, Ren H, Geng J, Ding L, Ke X. Minimization of nitrous oxide emission from CASS process treating low carbon source domestic wastewater: Effect of feeding strategy and aeration rate. Bioresour. Technol. 2015;198:172-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.08.075
  12. Kim DJ, Kim SH. Effect of nitrite concentration on the distribution and competition of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in nitratation reactor systems and their kinetic characteristics. Water Res. 2006;40:887-894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2005.12.023
  13. Chandran K, Stein LY, Klotz MG, van Loosdrecht MC. Nitrous oxide production by lithotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and implications for engineered nitrogen-removal systems. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 2011;39:1832-1837. https://doi.org/10.1042/BST20110717
  14. Pijuan M, Tora J, Rodriguezcaballero A, Cesar E, Carrera J, Perez J. Effect of process parameters and operational mode on nitrous oxide emissions from a nitritation reactor treating reject wastewater. Water Res. 2014;49:23-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2013.11.009
  15. Gong YK, Peng YZ, Yang Q, Wu WM, Wang SY. Formation of nitrous oxide in a gradient of oxygenation and nitrogen loading rate during denitrification of nitrite and nitrate. J. Hazard. Mater. 2012;227-228:453-460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.05.002
  16. Smolders GJF, Van der Meij J, Van Loosdrecht MCM, Heijnen JJ. Model of the anaerobic metabolism of the biological phosphorus removal process: Stoichiometry and pH influence. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 1994;43:461-470. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.260430605
  17. APHA. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. Washington: American Public Health Association;1995.
  18. Kimochi Y, Inamori Y, Mizuochi M, Xu KQ, Matsumura M. Nitrogen removal and $N_2O$ emission in a full-scale domestic wastewater treatment plant with intermittent aeration. J. Ferment. Bioeng. 1998;86:202-206. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0922-338X(98)80114-1
  19. Caporaso JG, Lauber CL, Walters WA, et al. Global patterns of 16S rRNA diversity at a depth of millions of sequences per sample. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2011;108:4516-4522. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1000080107
  20. Liu Y, Shi H, Xia L, et al. Study of operational conditions of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in a carrousel oxidation ditch for domestic wastewater treatment. Bioresour. Technol. 2010;101:901-906. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.09.015
  21. Chen AC, Chang JS, Yang L, Yang YH. Nitrogen removal from sewage by continuous flow SBR system with intermittent aeration. Environ. Technol. 2001;22:553-559. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593332208618262
  22. Mosquera-Corral A, Gonzalez F, Campos JL, Mendez R. Partial nitrification in a SHARON reactor in the presence of salts and organic carbon compounds. Process Biochem. 2005;40:3109-3118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2005.03.042
  23. Sun Y, Guan Y, Wang D, Liang K, Wu G. Potential roles of acyl homoserine lactone based quorum sensing in sequencing batch nitrifying biofilm reactors with or without the addition of organic carbon. Bioresour. Technol. 2018;259:136-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2018.03.025
  24. Pan M, Wen X, Wu G, Zhang M, Zhan X. Characteristics of nitrous oxide ($N_2O$) emission from intermittently aerated sequencing batch reactors (IASBRs) treating slaughterhouse wastewater at low temperature. Biochem. Eng. J. 2014;86:62-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.2014.03.003
  25. Shen L, Guan Y, Wu G. Effect of heterotrophic activities on nitrous oxide emission during nitrification under different aeration rates. Desalination. Water Treat. 2015;55:821-827. https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2014.928793
  26. Wang H, Sun Y, Wu G, Guan Y. Effect of anoxic to aerobic duration ratios on nitrogen removal and nitrous oxide emission in the multiple anoxic/aerobic process. Environ. Technol. 2018; doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2018.1427801.
  27. Tallec G, Garnier J, Billen G, Gousailles, M. Nitrous oxide emissions from denitrifying activated sludge of urban wastewater treatment plants, under anoxia and low oxygenation. Bioresour. Technol. 2008;99:2200-2209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.05.025
  28. Gabarro J, Gonzalez-Carcamo P, Ruscalleda M, et al. Anoxic phases are the main $N_2O$ contributor in partial nitritation reactors treating high nitrogen loads with alternate aeration. Bioresour. Technol. 2014;163:92-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.04.019
  29. Wang Q, Jiang G, Ye L, Pijuan M, Yuan Z. Heterotrophic denitrification plays an important role in $N_2O$ production from nitritation reactors treating anaerobic sludge digestion liquor. Water Res. 2014;62:202-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2014.06.003
  30. Ciggin AS, Rossetti S, Majone M, Orhon D. Effect of feeding and sludge age on acclimated bacterial community and fate of slowly biodegradable substrate. Bioresour. Technol. 2011;102:7794-7801. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.05.097
  31. Jia W, Zhang J, Xie H, et al. Effect of PHB and oxygen uptake rate on nitrous oxide emission during simultaneous nitrification denitrification process. Bioresour. Technol. 2012;113:232-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.10.095
  32. Lemaire R, Meyer R, Taske A, Crocetti GR, Keller J, Yuan Z. Identifying causes for $N_2O$ accumulation in a lab-scale sequencing batch reactor performing simultaneous nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal. J. Biotechnol. 2006;122:62-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2005.08.024
  33. Zhou Y, Pijuan M, Zeng RJ, Yuan Z. Free nitrous acid inhibition on nitrous oxide reduction by a denitrifying-enhanced biological phosphorus removal sludge. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008;42:8260-8265. https://doi.org/10.1021/es800650j
  34. Zeng RJ, Lemaire R, Yuan Z, Keller J. Simultaneous nitrification, denitrification, and phosphorus removal in a lab-scale sequencing batch reactor. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2003;84:170-178. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.10744
  35. Kim JM, Lee HJ, Kim SY, Song JJ, Park W, Jeon CO. Analysis of the fine-scale population structure of "Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis" in enhanced biological phosphorus removal sludge, using fluorescence in situ hybridization and flow cytometric sorting. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2010;76:3825-3835. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00260-10
  36. Lv XM, Shao MF, Li J, Li CL. Metagenomic analysis of the sludge microbial community in a lab-scale denitrifying phosphorus removal reactor. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 2015;175:3258-3270. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-015-1491-8
  37. Feng S, Tan CH, Constancias F, Kohli GS, Cohen Y, Rice SA. Predation by Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus significantly reduces viability and alters the microbial community composition of activated sludge flocs and granules. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 2017;93.
  38. Yang C, Zhang W, Liu R, et al. Phylogenetic diversity and metabolic potential of activated sludge microbial communities in full-scale wastewater treatment plants. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011;45:7408-7415. https://doi.org/10.1021/es2010545
  39. Wang X, Hu M, Xia Y, Wen X, Ding K. Pyrosequencing analysis of bacterial diversity in 14 wastewater treatment systems in china. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2012;78:7042-7047. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01617-12
  40. Takeda M, Yoneya A, Miyazaki Y, et al. Prosthecobacter fluviatilis sp. nov., which lacks the bacterial tubulin btubA and btubB genes. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 2008;58:1561-1565. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.65787-0
  41. Winkler MH, Boets P, Hahne B, Goethals P, Volcke EI. Effect of the dilution rate on microbial competition: r-strategist can win over k-strategist at low substrate concentration. Plos One 2017;12:e0172785. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0172785
  42. Park HD, Noguera DR. Nitrospira community composition in nitrifying reactors operated with two different dissolved oxygen levels. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2008;18:1470-1474.
  43. Chain P, Lamerdin J, Larimer F, et al. Complete genome sequence of the ammonia-oxidizing bacterium and obligate chemolithoautotroph Nitrosomonas europaea. J. Bacteriol. 2003;185:2759-2773. https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.185.9.2759-2773.2003
  44. Shapleigh JP. The denitrifying prokaryotes. The Prokaryotes. 2006. p. 769-792.
  45. Lu H, Chandran K, Stensel D. Microbial ecology of denitrification in biological wastewater treatment. Water Res. 2014;64:237-254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2014.06.042
  46. Zheng M, Tian Y, Liu T, et al. Minimization of nitrous oxide emission in a pilot-scale oxidation ditch: generation, spatial variation and microbial interpretation. Bioresour. Technol. 2015;179:510-517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.12.027
  47. Etchebehere C, Errazquin MI, Dabert P, Moletta R, Muxi L. Comamonas nitrativorans sp. nov., a novel denitrifier isolated from a denitrifying reactor treating landfill leachate. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 2001;51:977-983. https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-51-3-977
  48. Yoon H, Song MJ, Yoon S. Design and feasibility analysis of a self-sustaining biofiltration system for removal of low concentration $N_2O$ emitted from wastewater treatment plants. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2017;51:10736-10745. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b02750
  49. Lyu W, Huang L, Xiao G, Chen Y. Effects of carbon sources and cod/n ratio on $N_2O$ emissions in subsurface flow constructed wetlands. Bioresour. Technol. 2017;245:171-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.056
  50. Strand SE, Mcdonnell AJ, Unz RF. Oxygen and nitrate reduction kinetics of a nonflocculating strain of Zoogloea ramigera. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 1998;54:245-255. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00443583
  51. Sheng X, Liu R, Song X, Chen L, Tomoki K. Comparative study on microbial community in intermittently aerated sequencing batch reactors (SBR) and a traditional SBR treating digested piggery wastewater. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng. 2017;11:97-103.

피인용 문헌

  1. Development of Air Supply Control Technology in Sidestream MLE Process by Measuring Conductivity vol.42, pp.3, 2019, https://doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2020.42.3.97
  2. Comparison of Ammonium-oxidizing Bacterial Community Changes in Sludges from a Sewage and a Marine Fish Market Wastewater Treatment Plant During Enrichment Cultivation Under High Saline Conditions vol.43, pp.1, 2021, https://doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2021.43.1.79
  3. Microbial community and performance of a partial nitritation/anammox sequencing batch reactor treating textile wastewater vol.7, pp.11, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08445